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djenar-2003-a-students-guide-to-indonesian-grammar-oxford
djenar-2003-a-students-guide-to-indonesian-grammar-oxford
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Note<br />
Sometimes we find two meN- verbs with the same base, but one<br />
has -kan while the other does not, and both are transitive. In these<br />
cases, the verbs have different meanings.<br />
meminjam to borrow meminjamkan to lend<br />
mendengar to hear mendengarkan to listen to<br />
menyewa to rent, hire menyewakan to rent to someone<br />
The second meaning of meN-kan is causative; that is, to cause<br />
something to be or become what the base word indicates. For example,<br />
the verb membersihkan comes from the base word bersih (clean). The<br />
- verb can be translated literally as 'cause to become clean', but<br />
idiomatically as 'to clean'. Here are some other examples of causative<br />
meN-kan verbs. (Remember that all of these verbs are transitive.)<br />
besar<br />
dingin<br />
duduk<br />
halus<br />
hidup<br />
hi jau<br />
jatuh<br />
kecil<br />
keluar<br />
masuk<br />
mati<br />
panas<br />
rapi<br />
big, large<br />
cold<br />
sit<br />
smooth<br />
live, alive<br />
green<br />
fall, drop<br />
small<br />
cornelgo out<br />
go in, enter<br />
die, dead<br />
sederhana simple<br />
terbang fly<br />
tidur sleep<br />
hot<br />
neat, organised<br />
membesarkan<br />
mendinginkan<br />
mendudukkan<br />
menghaluskan<br />
menghidupkan<br />
menghijaukan<br />
menjatuhkan<br />
mengecil kan<br />
mengeluarkan<br />
memasukkan<br />
mematikan<br />
memanaskan<br />
merapi kan<br />
menyederhanakan<br />
menerbangkan<br />
rnenidurkan<br />
to enlarge<br />
to chill or cool something<br />
down<br />
to seat someone<br />
to make smooth<br />
to turn on (example, light,<br />
television, car, stereo)<br />
to revegetate<br />
to drop something<br />
to turn down (for example,<br />
volume), alter something to<br />
become small (for example,<br />
pants, dress)<br />
to send or take<br />
somebody/something out (for<br />
example, of a bag or room),<br />
expel<br />
to put into<br />
to turn off (for example, light,<br />
television, car, stereo)<br />
to heat something up<br />
to tidy up (for example, bed,<br />
books)<br />
to simplify<br />
to fly something, to pilot<br />
to put to sleep
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