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Mereka ' membaca buku. They read a book. I bu makan bakmi goreng. Mother eats fried noodles. E Adding the suffix -kan or -i ! Some intransitive verbs can be transformed into transitive verbs by either changing the affixation from ber- to meN-kan or meN-i or by adding some affixes when there are none. When we do this, the meaning of the verbs sometimes stays the same and sometimes changes. I Dia Heishe berbicara talks di kelas. in class. Mira bertemu dengan dia. Mira meets with himiher. - Dia mem bicarakan ha1 itu di kelas. Heishe talks about (discusses) that matter in class. Ali menemui saya di rumah. Ali came to see me at home. ; Note Here is how you can tell whether the verb in a sentence is 1 transitive or intransitive. Intransitive verbs can be followed ! - E ^ ,. directly by a preposition (such as di or dengan). Transitive verbs 'must be followed directly by an object; there cannot be a I preposition intercepting between the verb and the object. I Notice the transformation below from intransitive [verb + I preposition) to transitive [verb with meN- prefix and either suffix t -kan or 4). i . Intransitive: Rita cinta kepada Faisal. Rita loves Faisal. (Literally 'loves to') Transitive: Rita mencintai Faisal. Rita loves Faisal. Intransitive: Saya suka &an film itu. I that film. (Literally 'like at') Transitive: Saya menyukai film itu. I like that film. Intransitive: h di mar ah kepada temannya. Andi is angry with his friend. I 58 A Student's Guide to lndones~an Grammar
Transitive: Andi memarahi temannya. Andi scolded his friend. Intransitive: Mereka berkumpul di aula. They gathered in the hall. . nansitive: Guru men~umpulkan murid-murid di aula. . The teacher gathered the students in the hall. a -. - The pictures below illustrate people doing something. Write a caption in Indonesian for each picture using an intransitive verb. Next, rewrite the captions, transforming each intransitive verb into a transitive verb by adding an object. 9- 4 The following verbs are from the tables of transitive and intransitive verbs that you saw earlier in this chapter. Copy and complete the following table to make sentences. The left-hand column is for the subject of the sentence, while the other columns are for the object (if there is one), the prepositional phrase (indicating location) and for any other information that you wish to add to the sentence. Transitive and IntransjtiveVerbs 59
Page 1: ahasa indonesia milik widya DEPARTM
Page 4 and 5: Contents Introduction Acknowledgmen
Page 6 and 7: - - 14 Ter- 1 4.1 Adjective ter- 14
Page 9 and 10: Introduction I A Student's Guide to
Page 11 and 12: Source Acknowledgments The author a
Page 13 and 14: Question woril: & itu apel? Is that
Page 15 and 16: MANA Mana is used in questions, usu
Page 17 and 18: Anda guru, bukan? You are a teacher
Page 19 and 20: A: Karnu pernah rnakan durian? Have
Page 21 and 22: 1 A: Murid boleh merokok di sekolah
Page 24 and 25: I . 3 nni's teacher's house In this
Page 26 and 27: I In this type of-noun phrase, the
Page 28 and 29: -4 Translate the following more com
Page 30 and 31: Numbers, Classifiers and Quantity ?
Page 32 and 33: I wv - LUJ- laLua 50 = h a puluh +
Page 34 and 35: ~iJcewise, we can also &&d@& no&'fi
Page 36 and 37: 1 1 11 TO show quantity, we can use
Page 38 and 39: When used to say 'the person who(m)
Page 40 and 41: !. Transitive and i Intransitive Ve
Page 42 and 43: pulang selesai singgah tahu terbang
Page 44 and 45: g'$J Mote Some intransitive verbs c
Page 46 and 47: pasang rnemasang to set up, install
Page 50 and 51: A 5 tierlibur 6 mencuri 7 berbelanj
Page 52 and 53: Did you knowt The word beruang can
Page 54 and 55: elanja to shop berbelan ja to shop
Page 56 and 57: -. lATlHAN 3 Working in pairs, choo
Page 58 and 59: I In this chqptei we will learn mor
Page 60 and 61: 13 kepit 14 umpat 15 ambil 16 ekor
Page 62 and 63: To go to where the base word indica
Page 64 and 65: 6 Presiden itu menpinap di hotel bi
Page 66 and 67: 4 The suffix -kan is often attached
Page 68 and 69: *- 4 Complete each of the following
Page 70 and 71: 3 a membaca (read) b membacakan (re
Page 72 and 73: Some meN-kan words can be adjective
Page 74 and 75: Summary MeN-kan words are primarily
Page 76 and 77: To act in the manner of i bai k bin
Page 78 and 79: antar to take somethinghomeone some
Page 80 and 81: erdiam di to live in mendiami to oc
Page 82 and 83: When term is affixed to adjectives,
Page 84 and 85: Accidental action: intransitive Ter
Page 86 and 87: You can also leave out the 'by phra
Page 88 and 89: terbangun to be woken by something
Page 90 and 91: ........,( Ke-an In grammatical ter
Page 92 and 93: In this case, the meaning of ke-an
Page 94 and 95: 1 04 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 96 and 97: Some ke--an words have two meanings
Page 98 and 99:
Words with the peN- prefix are usua
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1 10 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
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3 Pemakan daging 4 Pembuka kaleng 5
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* * * . *.. **** I' Like other affi
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LATIHAH 2 Tkanslate these noun phra
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Summary The majority of words with
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MeN-kan and meN-i Some peN-an nouns
Page 112 and 113:
Other percan nouns Some other per-a
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Subiect-focus and The terms subject
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LATlHAN I Now that you have learnt
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Summary of the rules First or secon
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Object-focus with auxiliary, prepos
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6 Pak Totok menjual buah-buahan di
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' 4 Look at each of the following t
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Uses of -nyu In this chapter we wil
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I It is sweltering today. What migh
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Teman saya jaketm merah. Topic Comm
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* * . * * * . * . " ~ Ways to Say '
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Tahun lalu terjadi gempa bumi di sa
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2 You could not come. to your frien
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- Complete ads rejeki, h i ingin me
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To say 'if .. ., then ...', we simp
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vords. When and While This chapter
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I hile Handy expression To say 'to
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J Although and Not ... But In this
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P g itu , - 4 Meski cuaca dingin, J
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a f L Complete the following senten
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The expression (ber)tambah ... (ber
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IATIHAN 2 Translate these sentences
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-4 Write five sentences using janga
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tence. I ...*...*..... Imperatives
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ion . Dld IOU Tone of voice has a l
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- L Berdirim. Please stand up. Tuli
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Hendaklahhendaknya can also be used
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ood Minta nasinya a. . Minta nasiny
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anya) nature, m for 3s. 1 you UP at
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2 Your mother is going to a your li
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Dilarang Literally meaning 'it is p
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There are lots of mosquitoes at nig
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1 Urging (no subject) AYO habiskap
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Summary Imperatives: commands, requ
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at aid .t what an unple, I If we pu
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Tommy, kamu membolos, ya? (d Report
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Sopir bis berkata:'Jangan merokok d
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. * * . * * * . * * * , Glossary Th
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abstract n o u H + numeral 64 ke-an
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I Appendix How do you say it in Ind
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(= criminal) jahat bad luck nasib m
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- In questions and negatives, no se
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(possibly. might) kiranla. barangka
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(= to leave behind, abandon) mening
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242 APPENCIX to be out (=not at hom
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to set (=place, put) menaruh (= a c
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- rig111 on trmr. tepat pada wahtun
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to know one's way around Cahu jalan
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