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g'$J Mote Some intransitive verbs can take either the her- or the meN- refix A - - with no difference in meaning. bernyanyihnenyanyi berbekashnembekas to sing to leave a mark or trace Some other intransitive verbs take what are sometimes called pseudo-objects [nouns that look like objects, but are not perceived as being affected by the action]-see section 9.2. bermain @tar bertepuk tangan bersepatu coda to play the guitar to clap (one's) hands to roller-skate In these cases, we treat the verb and the following word as constituting one activity. In the previous examples, the words gitar, tangan and roda are considered as part of the verbs bermain, bertepuk and bersepatu respectively. A tmnsitive verb requires more than one noun or noun phrase for it to occur in a sentence. One of the nouns or noun phrases serves as the subject (as in intransitive verbs), while the other noun or noun phrase serves as object. Because the subject is typically the instigator of an action, we also refer to it as the actor. The object, on the other hand, is the person or thing that is affected by that action. We also refer to it as the patient. Kakak membaca surat. Older sibling reads the letter. I bu membawa keranjang. Mother carries the basket. Pak Harun membuka pintu. Mr Harun opens the door. 54 A Student's Gu~de to Indonesian Grammar
Many transitive verbs have the meN- prefix. - . - -- ajak ajar angkat antar atu r baca bahas bakar bantah bawa bayar bela beri beritahu buka cari cuci culik curi daki dapat dukung gali ganggu ganti hias intip isi iaga jahit jawab jemput jual li hat masak mulai pakai panggil panjat - - mengajak mengajar mengangkat mengantar mengatur membaca membahas membakar membantah membawa membayar membela memberi memberitahu rnernbuka mencari mencuci menculik mencuri mendaki mendapat mendukung menggali mengganggu mengganti menghias mengintip mengisi menjaga menjahit menjawab menjemput men jual melihat memasak memulai memakai memanggil memanjat to invite someone to do something .- to teach to lift to take someone/something somewhere to arrange, organise to read to discuss to burn to deny to carry to Pay to defend to give to inform to open to search, look for to wash to kidnap to steal to climb (a mountain) to get, obtain, gain to support to dig to disturb to replace to decorate to peep to fill to take care to sew to reply to pick someone up to sell to see, look to cook to begin to wear, use to call, summon to climb (a tree) Transitive and Intransiitive Verbs 55
Page 1: ahasa indonesia milik widya DEPARTM
Page 4 and 5: Contents Introduction Acknowledgmen
Page 6 and 7: - - 14 Ter- 1 4.1 Adjective ter- 14
Page 9 and 10: Introduction I A Student's Guide to
Page 11 and 12: Source Acknowledgments The author a
Page 13 and 14: Question woril: & itu apel? Is that
Page 15 and 16: MANA Mana is used in questions, usu
Page 17 and 18: Anda guru, bukan? You are a teacher
Page 19 and 20: A: Karnu pernah rnakan durian? Have
Page 21 and 22: 1 A: Murid boleh merokok di sekolah
Page 24 and 25: I . 3 nni's teacher's house In this
Page 26 and 27: I In this type of-noun phrase, the
Page 28 and 29: -4 Translate the following more com
Page 30 and 31: Numbers, Classifiers and Quantity ?
Page 32 and 33: I wv - LUJ- laLua 50 = h a puluh +
Page 34 and 35: ~iJcewise, we can also &&d@& no&'fi
Page 36 and 37: 1 1 11 TO show quantity, we can use
Page 38 and 39: When used to say 'the person who(m)
Page 40 and 41: !. Transitive and i Intransitive Ve
Page 42 and 43: pulang selesai singgah tahu terbang
Page 46 and 47: pasang rnemasang to set up, install
Page 48 and 49: Mereka ' membaca buku. They read a
Page 50 and 51: A 5 tierlibur 6 mencuri 7 berbelanj
Page 52 and 53: Did you knowt The word beruang can
Page 54 and 55: elanja to shop berbelan ja to shop
Page 56 and 57: -. lATlHAN 3 Working in pairs, choo
Page 58 and 59: I In this chqptei we will learn mor
Page 60 and 61: 13 kepit 14 umpat 15 ambil 16 ekor
Page 62 and 63: To go to where the base word indica
Page 64 and 65: 6 Presiden itu menpinap di hotel bi
Page 66 and 67: 4 The suffix -kan is often attached
Page 68 and 69: *- 4 Complete each of the following
Page 70 and 71: 3 a membaca (read) b membacakan (re
Page 72 and 73: Some meN-kan words can be adjective
Page 74 and 75: Summary MeN-kan words are primarily
Page 76 and 77: To act in the manner of i bai k bin
Page 78 and 79: antar to take somethinghomeone some
Page 80 and 81: erdiam di to live in mendiami to oc
Page 82 and 83: When term is affixed to adjectives,
Page 84 and 85: Accidental action: intransitive Ter
Page 86 and 87: You can also leave out the 'by phra
Page 88 and 89: terbangun to be woken by something
Page 90 and 91: ........,( Ke-an In grammatical ter
Page 92 and 93: In this case, the meaning of ke-an
Page 94 and 95:
1 04 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
Page 96 and 97:
Some ke--an words have two meanings
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Words with the peN- prefix are usua
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1 10 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
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3 Pemakan daging 4 Pembuka kaleng 5
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* * * . *.. **** I' Like other affi
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LATIHAH 2 Tkanslate these noun phra
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Summary The majority of words with
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MeN-kan and meN-i Some peN-an nouns
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Other percan nouns Some other per-a
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Subiect-focus and The terms subject
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LATlHAN I Now that you have learnt
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Summary of the rules First or secon
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Object-focus with auxiliary, prepos
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6 Pak Totok menjual buah-buahan di
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' 4 Look at each of the following t
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Uses of -nyu In this chapter we wil
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I It is sweltering today. What migh
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Teman saya jaketm merah. Topic Comm
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* * . * * * . * . " ~ Ways to Say '
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Tahun lalu terjadi gempa bumi di sa
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2 You could not come. to your frien
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- Complete ads rejeki, h i ingin me
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To say 'if .. ., then ...', we simp
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vords. When and While This chapter
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I hile Handy expression To say 'to
Page 146 and 147:
J Although and Not ... But In this
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P g itu , - 4 Meski cuaca dingin, J
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a f L Complete the following senten
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The expression (ber)tambah ... (ber
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IATIHAN 2 Translate these sentences
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-4 Write five sentences using janga
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tence. I ...*...*..... Imperatives
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ion . Dld IOU Tone of voice has a l
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- L Berdirim. Please stand up. Tuli
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Hendaklahhendaknya can also be used
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ood Minta nasinya a. . Minta nasiny
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anya) nature, m for 3s. 1 you UP at
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2 Your mother is going to a your li
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Dilarang Literally meaning 'it is p
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There are lots of mosquitoes at nig
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1 Urging (no subject) AYO habiskap
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Summary Imperatives: commands, requ
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at aid .t what an unple, I If we pu
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Tommy, kamu membolos, ya? (d Report
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Sopir bis berkata:'Jangan merokok d
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. * * . * * * . * * * , Glossary Th
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abstract n o u H + numeral 64 ke-an
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I Appendix How do you say it in Ind
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(= criminal) jahat bad luck nasib m
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- In questions and negatives, no se
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(possibly. might) kiranla. barangka
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(= to leave behind, abandon) mening
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242 APPENCIX to be out (=not at hom
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to set (=place, put) menaruh (= a c
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- rig111 on trmr. tepat pada wahtun
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to know one's way around Cahu jalan
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