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- L Berdirim. Please stand up. Tulism surat kepada nenekmu. Please write a letter to your grandmother: Bukau pintu itu. Please open that door. ................................................................................... HARAP Literally meaning 'to hope' or 'to expect', harap forins the intransitive verb berharap and the transitive verbs mengharap and mengbarapkan. Its use in imperatives means something like .'you are expected to do this', even though it is-usually translated into English as 'please'. It is appropriate for use in formal announcements, where the addressee is a group of people rather than an individual. Harap is usually placed at the beginning of the command, if the addressee is not mentioned. When the addressee is mentioned, harap is usually placed after it. - - Harap berdiri. Please stand up. Penumpang harap tetap duduk Passengers please remain seated. .................................................................................... MOHON Mohon, which also translates as 'please' in English, is similar to harap in its formality. However, unlike harap, mohon has 9 sense of urgency and pleading. Like harap, mohon can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, to produce a more direct command, or after the mention of the addressee, to make the command a little more indirect, Mohan balas surat ini segera Please reply to this letter immediately Kami rnahon hadirin tetap tenang Literally We ask you (the audience) to remain calm. + Please remain calm. Saya mohon anda pergi dari sini. Literally: I ask you to leave + Please get out of here. .................................................................................... HENDAKLAH AND HENDAKNYA The word hendak forms a part of the noun kehendak, meaning 'a will or wish (to do something)'. By itself, without the prefix, it is used to indicate future action; for example, Mereka hendak datang ke rumah saya (They are going to come to my house). When used in commands, either -1ah or -nya is attached to it. Because of their very formal nature, hendak3ah and hendaknya are not common in everyday spoken Indonesian and are suitable for telling people to do abstract actions. Hendaklah ha1 ini menjadi perhatian kita semua. Let this matter become our concern. 172 A Student's Guide to hdonesian Grammar
lit pi: I.: similarly, the mother telling her daughter to eat could say instead: Ayo, makan. Come on, eat. Ya literally means 'yes'. When used in commands, it is similar to the 'won't you/will you' tag that is used in English. It is usually placed at the end of the sentence. Tidur m. Go to sleep, won't you? Makan m. Eat, won't YOU? ri- .9 -t C ' . -': ,>,y.. F~t!.il. Because ya can make a codqnd ;a we SOB %W is.lesq-suitable far sit&itions that demand formalitJ;. . %p abiijj4,:8:.8ynyuc@$,:giGii:n by a mother to her child, certainly do hdt jiyjp: .Do, :, what I. say riglit nbw', but rather something - 1ike"lt WOU~ be good if you did this 7 . .,. nbM. h transitive sentences, ya ctln .be pliied :tdthS after the verb, to emphasise the action, or at t&e end, which'-then puts the focus on the whole command. Lipat baju ini. Lipat baju ini m. Fold this shirt, won't you? Makan obatnya. Makan obatnya E. Take the medication, won't vou? .................................................................................... DONG Dong is more informal than ayo and ya and, when used in commands, also roughly translates into English as 'won't you' or 'will you', Like ya, dong can be placed either after the verb, to emphasise the action, or at the end of the command, to emphasise the whole command. P pent I Be careful! Because dong is informal, it is not an expression that we would use in situatio~is that require us to observe formality, such as in ceremonial situations, public announcements or when speaking to strangers in the street or to guests. For example, one would not normally say to a priest.: Berkati saya dong ['Please bless me') or to the guests at a formal function: Duduk dong ('Please sit down']. Dong is most appropriate when used among close friends and
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ahasa indonesia milik widya DEPARTM
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Contents Introduction Acknowledgmen
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- - 14 Ter- 1 4.1 Adjective ter- 14
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Introduction I A Student's Guide to
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Source Acknowledgments The author a
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Question woril: & itu apel? Is that
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MANA Mana is used in questions, usu
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Anda guru, bukan? You are a teacher
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A: Karnu pernah rnakan durian? Have
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1 A: Murid boleh merokok di sekolah
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I . 3 nni's teacher's house In this
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I In this type of-noun phrase, the
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-4 Translate the following more com
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Numbers, Classifiers and Quantity ?
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I wv - LUJ- laLua 50 = h a puluh +
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~iJcewise, we can also &&d@& no&'fi
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1 1 11 TO show quantity, we can use
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When used to say 'the person who(m)
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!. Transitive and i Intransitive Ve
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pulang selesai singgah tahu terbang
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g'$J Mote Some intransitive verbs c
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pasang rnemasang to set up, install
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Mereka ' membaca buku. They read a
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A 5 tierlibur 6 mencuri 7 berbelanj
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Did you knowt The word beruang can
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elanja to shop berbelan ja to shop
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-. lATlHAN 3 Working in pairs, choo
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I In this chqptei we will learn mor
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13 kepit 14 umpat 15 ambil 16 ekor
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To go to where the base word indica
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6 Presiden itu menpinap di hotel bi
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4 The suffix -kan is often attached
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*- 4 Complete each of the following
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3 a membaca (read) b membacakan (re
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Some meN-kan words can be adjective
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Summary MeN-kan words are primarily
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To act in the manner of i bai k bin
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antar to take somethinghomeone some
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erdiam di to live in mendiami to oc
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When term is affixed to adjectives,
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Accidental action: intransitive Ter
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You can also leave out the 'by phra
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terbangun to be woken by something
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........,( Ke-an In grammatical ter
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In this case, the meaning of ke-an
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1 04 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
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Some ke--an words have two meanings
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Words with the peN- prefix are usua
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1 10 A Student's Guide to Indonesia
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3 Pemakan daging 4 Pembuka kaleng 5
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* * * . *.. **** I' Like other affi
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LATIHAH 2 Tkanslate these noun phra
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Summary The majority of words with
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MeN-kan and meN-i Some peN-an nouns
Page 112 and 113: Other percan nouns Some other per-a
Page 114 and 115: Subiect-focus and The terms subject
Page 116 and 117: LATlHAN I Now that you have learnt
Page 118 and 119: Summary of the rules First or secon
Page 120 and 121: Object-focus with auxiliary, prepos
Page 122 and 123: 6 Pak Totok menjual buah-buahan di
Page 124 and 125: ' 4 Look at each of the following t
Page 126 and 127: Uses of -nyu In this chapter we wil
Page 128 and 129: I It is sweltering today. What migh
Page 130 and 131: Teman saya jaketm merah. Topic Comm
Page 132 and 133: * * . * * * . * . " ~ Ways to Say '
Page 134 and 135: Tahun lalu terjadi gempa bumi di sa
Page 136 and 137: 2 You could not come. to your frien
Page 138 and 139: - Complete ads rejeki, h i ingin me
Page 140 and 141: To say 'if .. ., then ...', we simp
Page 142 and 143: vords. When and While This chapter
Page 144 and 145: I hile Handy expression To say 'to
Page 146 and 147: J Although and Not ... But In this
Page 148 and 149: P g itu , - 4 Meski cuaca dingin, J
Page 150 and 151: a f L Complete the following senten
Page 152 and 153: The expression (ber)tambah ... (ber
Page 154 and 155: IATIHAN 2 Translate these sentences
Page 156 and 157: -4 Write five sentences using janga
Page 158 and 159: tence. I ...*...*..... Imperatives
Page 160 and 161: ion . Dld IOU Tone of voice has a l
Page 164 and 165: Hendaklahhendaknya can also be used
Page 166 and 167: ood Minta nasinya a. . Minta nasiny
Page 168 and 169: anya) nature, m for 3s. 1 you UP at
Page 170 and 171: 2 Your mother is going to a your li
Page 172 and 173: Dilarang Literally meaning 'it is p
Page 174 and 175: There are lots of mosquitoes at nig
Page 176 and 177: 1 Urging (no subject) AYO habiskap
Page 178 and 179: Summary Imperatives: commands, requ
Page 180 and 181: at aid .t what an unple, I If we pu
Page 182 and 183: Tommy, kamu membolos, ya? (d Report
Page 184 and 185: Sopir bis berkata:'Jangan merokok d
Page 186 and 187: . * * . * * * . * * * , Glossary Th
Page 188 and 189: abstract n o u H + numeral 64 ke-an
Page 190 and 191: I Appendix How do you say it in Ind
Page 192 and 193: (= criminal) jahat bad luck nasib m
Page 194 and 195: - In questions and negatives, no se
Page 196 and 197: (possibly. might) kiranla. barangka
Page 198 and 199: (= to leave behind, abandon) mening
Page 200 and 201: 242 APPENCIX to be out (=not at hom
Page 202 and 203: to set (=place, put) menaruh (= a c
Page 204 and 205: - rig111 on trmr. tepat pada wahtun
Page 206 and 207: to know one's way around Cahu jalan
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