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Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

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164 brains<br />

Estimation of<br />

social<br />

consequences<br />

Beliefs and desires of<br />

Agent A<br />

Execution of action<br />

Social signals<br />

from Agent A<br />

<strong>Who</strong> ?<br />

Representation<br />

of selfgenerated<br />

action<br />

Representation<br />

of observed<br />

action<br />

Representation<br />

of observed<br />

action<br />

Social signals<br />

from Agent B<br />

Execution of action<br />

Representation<br />

of selfgenerated<br />

action<br />

<strong>Who</strong> ?<br />

Beliefs and desires of<br />

Agent B<br />

Estimation of<br />

social<br />

consequences<br />

Figure 6.1. A tentative illustration of <strong>the</strong> many interactions between two<br />

agents. Each agent builds in <strong>the</strong> brain a representation of both his or her own<br />

intended actions, using internal cues like beliefs and desires, and <strong>the</strong> potential<br />

actions of <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r agent. <strong>The</strong>se partly overlapping representations are used<br />

by each agent to build a set of predictions and estimates about <strong>the</strong> social<br />

consequences of <strong>the</strong> represented actions, if and when <strong>the</strong>y would be executed.<br />

When an action comes to execution, it is perceived by <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r agent<br />

as a set of social signals which do or do not confirm predictions and possibly<br />

modify beliefs and desires.<br />

in <strong>the</strong> pattern of cortical connectivity could alter <strong>the</strong> shape of <strong>the</strong> networks<br />

corresponding to different representations or <strong>the</strong> relative intensity of activation<br />

in <strong>the</strong> areas composing <strong>the</strong>se networks. Although little is known on<br />

<strong>the</strong> functional aspects of cortical connectivity underlying <strong>the</strong> formation of<br />

<strong>the</strong>se networks and, a fortiori, <strong>the</strong>ir dysfunction in schizophrenia, several<br />

studies have pointed to <strong>the</strong> prefrontal cortex as one of <strong>the</strong> possible sites for

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