Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

388 index
cognition (continued)
evolution of in humans, 274
influenced by emotions, 98
in Kismet robot, 287–92, 293, 296–97,
302–07
and the limbic system, 83–85
and the medial prefrontal cortex, 96
and the mental trilogy, 83
as non-affective state, 213
and reflective level (effective functioning), 177
unconscious processing, 81
Cognition and Affect project. See CogAff
cognition domain (effective functioning), 174
comfort level, 255–57, 258, 259
common currency for responses, 129–30, 133
communication
definition of, 342
and empathy, 156
facial expression in, 153–54
between individuals, 148–49
and Jacksonian analysis, 354
and language, 343
monkeys, 353
role of emotions in, 147–48
and shared representations, 163
and simulation theory, 156
social, and robots, 18
and social behavior, 18–21
communication plexus, 354
competition and cooperation (in the brain), 340
computational models, 104–05, 256–58, 318–21.
See also emotion research
computational neuroethology, 344
computers. See robots
computer tutor, need for emotions, 334–35, 373,
375
“Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” 11
conceptual neural evolution, 344
conditioned stimulus (CS)
CS-US association, 90
and fear conditioning, 86, 89
pathways to amygdala, 88–89
conditioning, 90, 178–79, 231–33. See also fear
conditioning
conscience, and dual route theory, 136
conscious control route. See explicit route (dual
route theory)
consciousness
and the amygdala, 98–101
and awareness, 354
and the communication plexus, 354
determining nature of, 97–98
and emotion research, 96–98
and explicit route (dual route theory), 134
and language, 82, 134, 353–55
linkage to emotion, 142, 368–70
and positive/negative affect, 219
and prefrontal cortex, 354
and reflective level (effective functioning), 177,
185
and routine level (effective functioning), 182
and simulation theory, 97–98
and syntax, 118
and working memory, 97–98, 368–70
consummatory phase, 358. See also cats
contagion, 154, 155
contextual fear conditioning. See fear conditioning
contextual representations, 91
contextual stimuli, 90
control states, 206–07, 208, 212–14
coping behavior, 319, 320–21
core affect, 16
correctness checking, of sensors, 214
cortical-amygdala pathway, 105
cortical levels, 21, 94–95
cortical networks, 29, 159
cortical pathway, 88–89, 89
cost-benefit curves, 133
covert actions, 149, 150–51
CREB, 31
crocodile attack example, 187–88
cross talk, in cortical networks, 29
crustaceons, and serotonin, 56–57
CS (conditioned stimulus). See conditioned
stimulus (CS)
curiosity, in robots, 194
Cyborg robots, 277–78
damping mechanism, 219
danger, 86, 94, 94–95
decoupled reflexes, 12
defensive responses, 86–87
deliberative layer. See CogAff; design-based
ontology
depression
and active/passive response availability, 122
amygdala, role of, 93
as complex affective state, 218–19
and damping mechanism, 219
role of serotonin in, 30–31, 56–58
derivative states, 208, 216–17
descretizing mechanisms, 223
design-based ontology. See also CogAff; control
states
and analysis of fear, 233
architectural effects, 224–25
central processing, 221, 222
“chunking” categories, 223
deliberative layer, 211, 221, 221–23
described, 211–12
and evolution of brain mechanisms, 207
meta-management layer, 207, 211, 221, 222,
233
primary, secondary, tertiary emotions, 211, 231
reactive layer, 211, 221, 222
desire-like states. See also architectural basis for
affect; belief-like states; emotional states
defined, 212–14
and derivative states, 216–17
direct/mediated, 216
introduced, 206
in simple and higher organisms, 215