Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

as drive state, 32
effect on taste, 140–41
evolution of, 129
opioids, role in, 59–61
as stimulus, 357
hypercolumns, 347
hypothalamus
and the appetitive phase, 358
and behavior, 42–44, 46, 358, 361, 363
and emotion, 40
and fear response, 91
and thirst, 32
hysteresis, 132, 369
id, and dual route theory, 136
ideomotor action, 154
IE (instinct/emotion) model. See instinct/emotion
(IE) model
“if...then” statements. See explicit route (dual
route theory)
implicit route (dual route theory), 125, 131–35.
See also explicit route (dual route theory)
impulses, 136
incentive motivation, 132
infants
affect of voice on, 297
and attachment theory, 255–56
and biological actions, 153
and biological movement, 151
and emotion recognition, 155, 274, 296, 303,
322
as models for Kismet Project, 282
inferior occipital gyrus, 153
information processing architectures. See
architectural basis for affect
inhibitions, 136
insects. See also praying mantis
bees, language of, 342
and dopamine, 50, 55
opioid receptors, 62
serotonin receptors, 50, 51
sowbugs, 245, 248–51
instinct/emotion (IE) model, 259–62
instincts, 37, 38, 39
instrumental actions, 119, 123–24
intentions, 213, 313–14
interest, and exploration, 296
internal architecture (of emotional systems), 23.
See also central states; internal states
internal aspects of robots. See robots, behaviorist
vs. feeling; robots, emotions
internal representation (of emotional systems), 18
internal states, 18. See also central states
interruption of higher levels, 211, 235. See also
CogAff; effective functioning model
intrinsic physical states. See central states
introversion, 178
Jacksonian analysis
in communication, 354
evolution of hierarchical systems, 341–42
index 393
of motivation, 355–60
and schemas, theory of, 344
James-Lange theory of emotions, 188–89
jealousy, 20, 213
joy, in Kismet robot, 295
Kismet Project
affective states, 282–84, 284, 298
agent architecture, 285–87
animal models, 290–91
arbitration in, 285, 301–02, 305
architectural overview, 284–87, 285
arousal dimension, 282
behavior hierarchy, 289–92, 290
cognitive systems, 287–92, 293, 296–97, 302–
07
as design case study, 275–76
disgust response, 304
drives, 287–89, 291, 300–301, 305
emotive systems, 282–84, 292–307, 294
facial expressions, 281, 282–84, 283
fear response, 304–05
functional groups, 290, 290–92
and homeostasis, 288–89, 293, 300–301,
302
pitch contours, 297–99
project overview, 271–72
releasers, 287–88, 291, 296–301
rewards and punishments in, 293
stance dimension, 282
task-achieving goals, 289
valence dimension, 282
value-based system, 287
vision in, 304
Klüver-Bucy syndrome, 139
language
and affective states, 215
bees, 342
and communication, 343
and consciousness, 82, 134, 353–55
and dual route theory, 125, 133
and emotions, 21, 239, 369
evolution of, 350–55
and mirror system, 350–55
and planning, 134
lateral (LA) nucleus, 88, 89, 90, 90
lateral fusiform gyrus, 153–54
learning
and affect domain, 196
and the amygdala, 92, 139–40, 363
and belief-like states, 217
of emotions, 14
and fear, 86, 232
and positive/negative affect, 217–18
prepared, 93
and reinforcers, 120, 132–33
type, by processing level, 176
leucotomies, effects, 141–42
ligand-gated ion channels, 47
limbic system, 40, 83–86. See also amygdala