Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

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affect in effective functioning 201 Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. Schwartz, & D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self regulation: Advances in research (Vol. IV). New York: Plenum. Öhman, A., Flykt, A., & Lundqvist, A. (2000). Unconscious emotion: Evolutionary perspectives, psychophysiological data and neuropsychological mechanisms. In L. Nadel, R. Lane, & G. L. Ahern (Eds.), The cognitive neuroscience of emotion. New York: Oxford University Press. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Foss, M. A. (1987). The referential structure of the affective lexicon. Cognitive Science, 11, 341–364. Ortony, A., & Turner, T. J. (1990). What’s basic about basic emotions? Psychological Review, 97, 315–331. Pavlov, I. P. (1930). A brief outline of the higher nervous activity. In C. A. Murchinson (Ed.), Psychologies of 1930, Worchester, MA: Clark University Press. Razran, G. (1971). Mind in evolution. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Revelle, W. (1986). Motivation and efficiency of cognitive performance. In D. R. Brown & J. Veroff (Eds.), Frontiers of motivational psychology: Essays in honor of John W. Atkinson. Berlin: Springer. Revelle, W. (1993). Individual differences in personality and motivation: “Noncognitive” determinants of cognitive performance. In A. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), Attention: Selection, awareness and control. A tribute to Donald Broadbent. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Robinson, D. L. (1996). Brain, mind, and behavior: A new perspective on human nature. London: Praeger. Robinson, D. L. (2001). How brain arousal systems determine different temperament types and the major dimensions of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1233–1259. Rolls, E. T. (1999). The brain and emotion. New York: Oxford University Press. Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotions: A structural theory. In P. Shaver (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 5). Beverly Hills: Sage. Rosenbloom, P. S., Laird, J. E., & Newell, A. (1993). The SOAR papers. Boston: MIT Press. Sanders, A. F. (1986). Energetical states underlying task performance. In G. R. J. Hockey, A. W. K. Gaillard, & M. G. H. Coles (Eds.), Energetics and human information processing (pp. 139–154). Dordrecht: Matinus Nijhoff. Scherer, K. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach. In K. R. Scherer and P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1–66. Schneirla, T. (1959). An evolutionary and developmental theory of biphasic pro-
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TLFeBOOK Who Needs Emotions? The Br
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The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental
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3 Oxford University Press, Inc., pu
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vi preface want their computer prog
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viii preface is required because th
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x preface prefer to read Part III b
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xii contents PART III: ROBOTS 7 Aff
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xiv contributors Jean-Marc Fellous
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4 perspectives RUSSELL: I confess t
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6 perspectives EDISON: Tinkering! Y
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10 perspectives HOW COULD WE TELL I
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12 perspectives This, of course, ra
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14 perspectives of a stimulus (e.g.
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16 perspectives an emotion is neith
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18 perspectives cognitive processes
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20 perspectives that they visually
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22 perspectives A self-model that c
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24 perspectives Brothers, L. (1997)
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30 brains specificity and flexibili
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32 brains It is useful to begin wit
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34 brains the readout of that syste
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36 brains A. 5 NH 4Cl Bacteria in c
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38 brains Although instinctual beha
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40 brains Motivated behavior requir
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42 brains emerged through decades o
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44 brains and gonadal and adrenal s
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46 brains voluntary control of acti
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48 brains A. Total cerebral input t
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50 brains sensory neurons, interneu
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52 brains functions. Niall (1982) n
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54 brains motivation arousal necess
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56 brains serotonergic system is pr
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58 brains as tree jumping (Doudet e
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60 brains then have a system that a
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62 brains heroin and other opiates,
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64 brains benefits that also presen
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66 brains and brain neurotransmitte
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68 brains Cardinaud, B., Gilbert, J
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70 brains Hess, W. R. (1957). The f
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72 brains MacLean, P. D. (1990). Th
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74 brains Pfaus, J. G., Damsma, G.,
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76 brains trained monkeys: Agonist
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80 brains We conclude by discussing
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82 brains to prove, theoretical dis
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84 brains is a mammalian specializa
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86 brains processing circuits to se
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88 brains amygdala) and the control
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90 brains comparison of the amygdal
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92 brains Is the Amygdala Necessary
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94 brains the amygdala to determine
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96 brains The medial prefrontal cor
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98 brains Many questions remain to
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100 brains by the amygdala might be
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102 brains United States, pair up w
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104 brains networks that participat
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106 brains Note Portions of this ch
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108 brains Davidson, R. J., & Irwin
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110 brains mediate emotional respon
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112 brains Salinas, J. A. (1995). I
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114 brains and thalamo-cortico-amyg
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118 brains and flexible in the orbi
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120 brains Pleasure Rage Anger Frus
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122 brains of the eliciting stimulu
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124 brains or a right turn to obtai
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126 brains cortex and basal ganglia
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128 brains tex of recent (episodic)
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130 brains the right value in the c
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132 brains by the process of condit
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134 brains memories to be held in p
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136 brains However, it may be expec
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138 brains Figure 5.4. Some of the
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140 brains acting through the ventr
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142 brains (cutting white matter) w
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144 brains References Alexander, R.
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146 brains Rolls, E. T. (1999a). Th
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148 brains directed to us or when t
Page 167 and 168: 150 brains Specific methods, partly
Page 169 and 170: 152 brains Movements performed by l
Page 171 and 172: 154 brains processing of invariant
Page 173 and 174: 156 brains more about them, their r
Page 175 and 176: 158 brains see Zajonc, 1985), the i
Page 177 and 178: 160 brains The question now arises
Page 179 and 180: 162 brains situations where they ha
Page 181 and 182: 164 brains Estimation of social con
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Page 185 and 186: 168 brains Lhermitte, F. (1983). Ut
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Page 191 and 192: 174 robots perform unanticipated ta
Page 193 and 194: 176 Table 7.1. Principal Organism F
Page 195 and 196: 178 robots and cognitive domains. A
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Page 201 and 202: 184 robots 3. A (positive) feeling
Page 203 and 204: 186 robots We consider the well-est
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Page 207 and 208: 190 robots processing. We view para
Page 209 and 210: 192 robots independent, a value on
Page 211 and 212: 194 robots Implications of the Proc
Page 213 and 214: 196 robots current affective state
Page 215 and 216: 198 robots primitive fear at the ro
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Page 221 and 222: 204 robots case of CogAff, conjectu
Page 223 and 224: 206 robots some cases and in other
Page 225 and 226: 208 robots DIRECT AND MEDIATED CONT
Page 227 and 228: 210 robots Toward a Useful Ontology
Page 229 and 230: 212 robots different varieties of m
Page 231 and 232: 214 robots Primitive sensors provid
Page 233 and 234: 216 robots Being in a state P of a
Page 235 and 236: 218 robots terms of the ability to
Page 237 and 238: 220 robots Varieties of Affective S
Page 239 and 240: 222 robots Central Perception Actio
Page 241 and 242: 224 robots control, where all the l
Page 243 and 244: 226 robots layer (e.g., observing p
Page 245 and 246: 228 robots are sometimes unclear, i
Page 247 and 248: 230 robots for such a fast-acting s
Page 249 and 250: 232 robots from mental processes ot
Page 251 and 252: 234 robots The majority view in thi
Page 253 and 254: 236 robots Will it be a long-term f
Page 255 and 256: 238 robots or implicitly adopted de
Page 257 and 258: 240 robots some undesirable emotion
Page 259 and 260: 242 robots References Albus, J. S.,
Page 261 and 262: 244 robots Sloman, A. (2001b). Evol
Page 263 and 264: 246 robots state variables such as
Page 265 and 266: 248 robots In order to make robots
Page 267 and 268: 250 robots motivational state also
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252 robots Prey acquisition: This b
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254 robots Figure 9.3. Top photos:
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256 robots especially when young. E
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258 robots Object of Attachment Saf
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260 robots Mean distance to attachm
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262 robots 2003), but the intent is
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264 robots Affective State Emotion
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266 robots Motivational/emotional m
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268 robots Brooks, R. (1986). A rob
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272 robots responsible for perceivi
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274 robots species considered to be
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276 robots This endeavor does not i
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278 robots For example, the person
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280 robots mental states (i.e., int
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282 robots Expression of Affective
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284 robots Negative valence High ar
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286 robots and emotion-related proc
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288 robots For instance, the visual
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290 robots Undesired stimulus Rejec
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292 robots intensity: seek or acqui
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294 robots Table 10.2. Summary of t
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296 robots it up (Breazeal, 2002b).
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298 robots pitch, f o (kHz) pitch,
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300 robots Table 10.3. Overall Clas
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302 robots Each emotion gateway pro
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304 robots Biasing Attention Kismet
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306 robots be to vocalize to the pe
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308 robots References Ackerman, B.,
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310 robots Center for the Study of
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312 robots When team members align
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314 robots effects that the agent h
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316 robots double arrow), which imp
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318 robots that of “robot as avat
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320 robots terms of specific apprai
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322 robots their own self-survival
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324 robots explicit, intended commu
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326 robots Although, the emotion
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328 robots planning. In Proceedings
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334 conclusions handout and pleased
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336 conclusions emotion. How can we
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338 conclusions Presumably, the fac
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340 conclusions Absence of N and N
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342 conclusions Thus, evolution yie
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344 conclusions different from such
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346 conclusions approach to the soc
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348 conclusions at the much higher
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350 conclusions mediated by distrib
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352 conclusions to the prefrontal c
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354 conclusions pathway of much mor
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356 conclusions The Motivated Toad
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358 conclusions explicitly formal r
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360 conclusions directly and by pro
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362 conclusions striatum pallidum d
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364 conclusions (A) Auditory stimul
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366 conclusions from the primary ta
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368 conclusions by an interest in u
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370 conclusions he sees as the stat
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372 conclusions to detect possible
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374 conclusions much of my behavior
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376 conclusions Consider a robot th
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378 conclusions 3. As already noted
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380 conclusions Fellous, J.-M., & S
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382 conclusions Localization of gra
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386 index amygdala back projection,
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388 index cognition (continued) evo
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390 index emotion research (continu
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392 index fear conditioning (contin
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394 index limbic system theory, 80-
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396 index prefrontal cortex and the
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398 index schema theory and Jackson
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