Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

multiagent teamwork (AI), 321, 326
and social behavior, 23
and social context, 20
empathy, 154–56, 370
endocrine response
control in brain stem, 88
to emotion, 14
and fear conditioning, 87
as function of emotion, 123
endorphins, 367
episodic memory, 127
ERGO architecture, 261–62
escape, 121
ethology, 246, 258, 286–88
evaluation checks, 16
evolution, of brain mechanisms
and basis of emotions, 293–96
and chemotaxis, 35
and CogAff, 228–29
cognitive system in humans, 274
common currency for responses, 129–30
dopamine, role in, 55
and drug addiction, 63–66
and emotional heat, 360–70
emotional route to action, 123–24
emotion circuits, universality of, 85, 105
and emotions, 30–31, 373
emotions vs. reflexes, 12
fact- and need-sensors, 207
fitness of responses, 129–31
general framework, 30–31, 341–44
goals as adaptive, 124
mapping in H-CogAff, 226–27
and meta-management, 207
and motivational states, 33
and motivation/emotion, 35–37, 357
and the neuropeptide genes, 50
neurotransmitter role, 46–48
and reward and punishment, 117, 123–24,
369
seeking novel stimuli, 130
serotonin, role in, 55–56
and survival, 30, 33, 81, 130–31, 274–75,
293–96
and the triune brain, 40–41, 41
vision and language support, 344–55
executive functions (working memory). See
working memory
explicit route (dual route theory). See also implicit
route (dual route theory)
and consciousness, 134
described, 133–36
effect of alcohol, 135
and errors in implicit route, 135
explicit response path, 125
“if...then” statements, 133, 134
and planning, 133–34
role of syntax, 118, 133–34, 369
extrastriate cortex, 17
extroversion, 178, 191, 192
eye blink responses, 87
index 391
F5 neurons, 350–53
facial expressions
and the amygdala, 126, 140
and appraisal theories of emotion, 319
and brain networks, 153–54
communication role, 153–54
emotional content, 14, 126, 360, 365
and emotional state, 20, 343–44
and the extrastriate cortex, 17
fear conditioning, 92–93
in Kismet robot, 281, 282–84, 283
meaning, 142
in multiagent systems, 323–24
and orbitofrontal cortex, 141
recognition, 126, 162
and schizophrenia, 162
and simulation theory, 20
and stimulus evaluation checks, 16
universality of, 126
fact-sensors, 206, 207, 213. See also architectural
basis for affect
FARS model, 351, 351–52, 364
fatigue, as drive state, 32
fear
and appraisal theories, 322
architecture-based analysis, 231–33
and association learning, 232
as behavioral bias, 356
as behavioral cue, 313
in the behavioral model of a mantis, 252
and brain stem, 91
chemical basis for, 47
and danger detection/response, 86
as domain-specific emotion, 14
and emotion categories, 16
and emotion studies, 85–86, 101, 104
emotions vs. reflexes, 12
as facial expression, 126
and fearful behavior, 364
forms of, 231
and hypothalamus, 91
in the Kismet robot, 289, 295, 304–05
measurable effects of, 86
in multiagent systems, 321–22, 324–26
and oxytocin, 103
pathological, 95
and punishers, 119
regulation, and medial prefrontal cortex, 99
and reinforcement contingencies, 120
sex circuits interactions, 103
and social interaction, 20, 103
therapy, 95
triggered by memories, 96
why we run from a bear, 80
fear conditioning
across phyla, 87
auditory vs. context, 90
and conditioned stimulus (CS), 86, 89
contextual, 89–90, 90
described, 86–91
in humans, 92–93