Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

386 index
amygdala
back projection, 94, 94–95, 99, 127
bodily feedback, 100
as center of emotions, 101–04, 139–40, 160
and cognition, 93–94
conditioning pathways, 90
and consciousness, 98–101
and danger detection, 94–95
and decision-making, 366
and dual route theory, 125, 126
effects of damage, 91, 95–96, 139
and emotional processing, 17, 92
and emotional states, 137, 138, 139
and facial expressions, 126, 140, 365
and fear, pathological, 95
fear and sex circuits, 103
and fear conditioning, 87–88, 89, 92–93
and fearful behavior, 364
and hysteresis, 132
and implicit route to action, 131–33
and learning, 92, 139–40, 363
and memory systems, 92, 96, 98–101, 126–27
and mental illnesses, 93
in monkeys, 365, 365
and orbitofrontal cortex, 140
and perception, 98
and prefrontal cortex, 95
in the primitive brain, 40–41, 41, 44
regions and subregions, 88. See also accessory
basal (AB) nucleus; basal (B) nucleus;
central (CE) nucleus; lateral (LA) nucleus
and reinforcement mechanisms, 139–40
and reward and punishment, 44, 365, 366
sensory systems diagram, 137
and social interactions, 93
and unconditioned stimulus (US), 90–91
and working memory, 95, 98–101
anger
and active/passive response availability, 122
as emotional category, 16
as facial expression, 126
in Kismet robot, 294
and reinforcement contingencies, 120
and reward omission, 119
angiotensin, 32, 35
animals. See also individual animals
amygdala nuclei connections, 88
behavior as model for Kismet robot, 290–91
brain evolution of, 40–41, 41
and brain systems, 32
and dopamine, 31, 52–55, 64
drug addiction in, 61–62
and emotions, 101, 343, 355
fear conditioning across phyla, 87
and hysteresis, 369
instincts in, 37
opioids, role in, 59
and serotonin, 55–56
and subjective states, 81–82
anthropomorphism, 22
anxiety, 86, 93, 95
appetitive phase, 358
appraisal theories
and BDI, 319–21
conscious/unconscious appraisals, 83
and coping behavior, 320–21
described, 319
and domain-specific emotion processing, 14–15
and effective functioning model, 177
evolutionary approach, 360
and fear, 322
and reward and punishment theory, 119
and robot emotions, 374
apprehension, 120
arbitrary operant response, 129
arbitration
in behavioral models, 253
and decision making, 289, 305
in Kismet robot, 285, 301, 305
architectural basis for affect. See also affective
states; CogAff; design-based ontology
affective/non-affective phenomena, 209
architectural constraints, 220–29
belief-like states. See belief-like states
control states, 206–08
and deep/shallow models, 233–34
derived desires and beliefs, 208
described, 203–04
desire-like states. See desire-like states
discussion, 233–39
emotion, generic definition, 229–31
fact-sensors, 206, 207
fear analysis, 231–33
and folk psychology, 227–29
functions & functional states, 204–06
goals and needs, 204–07
information processing architectures, 206–07
intermediate states, 207
meta-management, 207
omega architectures, 224
and research, 237–41
virtual machines. See virtual machines
arousal (emotional)
arousal dimension (Kismet), 282
arousal tag, 300
and brain activity coordination, 98
and consciousness, 98
networks in, 94–95
arthropods, 31
artifacts. See robots
artificial intelligence. See also robots
and agents, 312
blackboards, 97
and CogAff, 224
and cognitive science, 81
computational models of emotions, 318–21
association learning. See learning
attachment. See also love; pair-bonding
circuits, 103–04
computational models of, 256–58
emotions, role of, 126
in humans, 255–56