Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

390 index
emotion research (continued)
future of, 80–83, 105
integrating cognition and emotion, 93
and limbic system theory, 81
and multiagent systems, 79
neural basis of emotions, 82
ontologies, 210, 211–12. See also CogAff;
design-based ontology
personality (effective functioning), 190
processing approach to emotion, 82–83
and subjective states, 81–82
terminology disputes, 209
unconscious nature of emotions, 82
emotions. See also arousal (emotional); emotion
research; emotional states; evolution, of
brain mechanisms; facial expressions;
robots, behaviorist vs. feeling; robots,
emotions
body
autonomic systems, 123, 151
bodily state primacy, 15
body state mappings, 14
endocrine responses, 123
and instincts, 38
somatic changes, 14
and visceral processes, 236–38
brain design
adaptive/regulatory aspect, 13
and the amygdala, 92, 101–04, 160
in animals, 355
basis in evolution, 66, 293–96
brain pathways, 138
brain systems, 136–42
chemical basis of, 31, 46–47
and complexity, 373
fast and slow paths, 105
inputs, 105
limbic system, 40, 85
mirror neurons, 160
neural basis, 15, 82, 157–58, 163
neuromodulation, 366–68
orbital cortex, 99–100
orbitofrontal cortex, 140–42
and reflexes, 12
and self-model, 21–23
superior temporal sulcus, 154
universality, 103
cognition
analysis of stimulus, 122
effect of emotion on, 126–27
effect on decision-making, 95
influenced by emotion, 98
and the mental trilogy, 83
relationship with cognition, 33–35
similarity to emotions, 83
consciousness, 96–98, 142, 368–70
definitions of
basic principles, 105
common names for, 198n.5
described, 246
OED definition, 336
scientific definition, 208–10
word origin, 34
feelings
built in, 10
and empathy, 155–56
relationship with emotion, 19–22, 336–37
memory, 105, 122, 127–-28
models. See also specific model
as appraisals, 83
architectural-based, 229–31
as cluster concept, 209, 234
computational model of, 318–21
domain specific, 14–15
emotion gateway, 302
full-fledged emotions, 177, 182–89, 197
heated emotions, 187, 197, 360–70, 373–74
limited emotions, 175
mental trilogy, 83
primitive emotions, 182–85, 197
proto-affect, 175, 178–82, 197
and reinforcers, 117, 120, 121
and reward and punishments, 118–19, 126,
293
simulation theory, 19–20
motivation
distinguished from emotion, 357
maintained by emotion, 127
relationship to emotion, 245
relationship with cognition, 33–35
nature of
active/passive response availability, 122
as affective states, 29, 204, 208–12
and attention, 100
and biological dependence, 239
categorizing, 16
chemical basis of, 42, 46–47, 62–63
chemical reaction analogy, 228
chimpanzee’s mental life (fictional), 335
cue processing, primates, 99–100
factors, 121–23
flexible responses, 123–26
in humans, 247, 273–74, 361, 366, 370
as indicator of emotional state, 12
negative consequences, 334
overview, 13–18
reason for, 123–31
relationship with language, 343, 369
ubiquity of, 273–74
understanding, 104
as value measurement, 14
primary, secondary, tertiary. See design-based
ontology
social aspects of
and bonding, 101, 126
and communication, 13, 18–21, 126, 147–
48
and contagion, 154–55
and culture, 14, 16–17
and language, 21, 239
and loss of control, 372–73
moral aspects, 14, 20