Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

392 index
fear conditioning (continued)
neural pathways, 89
neuroanatomy, 87–88
timing and responses, 87
feelings (emotional), 96–101, 174, 336–37. See
also emotions
female recognition, and prey recognition, 356
finite-state machines, and robot emotions, 234–35
first route. See implicit route (dual route theory)
flexibility and plasticity. See plasticity and
flexibility
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging),
89
folk psychology, 227–29
four Fs, 355, 374–75
freezing response, 86, 87, 91
“Friday,” 318
frogs/toads
motivation, 356–57
vision, 346–47, 348, 350
frustration
as emotional category, 16
and orbitofrontal cortex, 141
and reinforcement contingencies, 120
and reward omission, 119
functional equivalence of animal emotions. See
robots, behaviorist vs. feeling
functional features of emotion. See architectural
basis for affect; internal representation (of
emotional systems)
functional groups, 290, 290–92
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),
89
functional states. See architectural basis for affect
future, past, and present, 176
general-purpose motor pattern generators, 357
general purpose systems, 32
goals, 207, 247
Go/NoGo tasks, 140
G proteins, 47, 53, 56
grasping
brain mechanisms, 350–52
and language evolution, 352–53
and mirror system, 350–52
in monkeys, 159, 352, 359
and motor imagery, 150, 158
and the superior temporal sulcus, 352
grief, 120, 122
guilt, 14, 216
gulls, pecking at spot, 124
gustatory system, diagram, 137
HAL (in 2001 movie), 193
hallucination, 161, 162
happiness, 16, 118, 126
H-CogAff. See CogAff
heat (emotional)
and effective functioning model, 187, 197
evolutionary approach, 360–70
and robot emotions, 373–74
helicopter mission rehearsal
and fear, 321–23
illustration, 314, 315
as multiagent teamwork illustration, 324–26
role allocations in fearful teams, 325
in TOP, 314–16
hippocampus
and contextual representations, 91
and fear conditioning, 89–90
in the primitive brain, 40–41, 41, 44
role in cognition, 84
and TAM-WG, 359–60
“you are here” function, 363
homeostasis
and domain-specific emotion processing, 14
in Kismet robot, 288–89, 293, 300–301, 302
and self-model, 22
hormone release. See endocrine response
“how” visual system. See vision
human-robot interactions. See also Kismet Project;
robots, emotions
emotions, and Electric Elves (E-Elves) sensing
human emotions, 323
emotions, need for, 275–76
home-cleaning, 272–73
human comfort level, 247–48
need for emotions, in computer tutor, 334–35,
373, 375
robot as Avatar, Cyborg, Partner, Tool, 277–79
and robot interaction models, 263–66
robot paradigms, 276–77
social interaction, 10, 279–80
and Sony corporation, 258
teamwork in, 312
humans. See also emotions; human-robot
interactions; infants
and the amygdala, 92–96, 160, 365, 366
anxiety disorders, 93, 95
and attachment theory, 255–56
and autonomy, 371
behavior defined in ethology, 246
consciousness in, 354
coping behavior, 319–21
and dopamine, 53
and facial expression processing, 153–54
fear conditioning, 92–93
and ideomotor action, 154
and interest, 296
joy and human interaction, 295
language in. See language
and opioids, 61
and oxytocin, 103
reward and punishment, 369–70
and serotonin, 31, 56, 58
as social species, 279–80
and subjective states, 82
and vasopressin, 103
vision in, 343, 347, 348–49
hunger
in the behavioral model of a mantis, 252
as domain-specific emotion, 15