Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

in robot behavior, 246, 256–57, 259, 260
and sex, 102–03
attention, 100
attitudes, 213, 265
auditory stimuli, 89, 90
auditory system, 88–89, 140
autism, 275
automatic route. See implicit route (dual route
theory)
autonomic response, 14, 87, 123
autonomy, 371
Avatar robots, 278, 317–18
awareness, role in consciousness, 354
backprojections, 94, 94–95, 99, 127
bacteria, 35–36, 36
basal (B) nucleus, 89–90, 90
basal accessory nucleus, 90, 91, 140
basal ganglia, 40–41, 41, 162
BDI. See belief-desire-intention models (BDI)
bees, 55, 342. See also insects
behavioral control columns
and the cerebral cortex, 45–46, 48, 48–49
and cortical inputs, 44
described, 361–63, 369
function of, 32, 42–43
role of in the brain, 42
and sensory inputs, 43–44, 48, 48–49
behavioral ecology, 133
behaviorism, 11. See also robots, behaviorist vs.
feeling
behavior domain (effective functioning), 174
behavior hierarchy, 289–92, 290
behaviors
and affect, 34–35
arbitration. See arbitration
biased by emotions, 356–57
cost-benefit curves, 133
and drives, 34–35
and emotions, 10, 12
flexible, 123–24
models, 251–52, 253
relationship with motivation/emotions, 42,
245, 358, 361, 363
and releasers, 37
rewarded, 129
and routine level (effective functioning), 175
in Tolman’s sowbug, 249
belief-desire-intention models (BDI)
and affective states, 214–15
and appraisal theories of emotion, 319–21
illustration, 317
uses in TOP, 313–14, 316–17
belief-like states, 206, 213–17. See also
architectural basis for affect; desire-like
states; emotional states
beliefs (in BDI), 313–14
bidirectionality test, 129
big 5 personality parameters, 192
bitter tastes, learned, 198n.4
blackboards (in artificial intelligence), 97
index 387
blindsight, 349
blood pressure changes, 86, 91. See also
autonomic response
bodily feedback, 100
bonding. See pair-bonding
boredom, in Kismet robot, 296
brain models. See also architectural basis for
affect; Jacksonian analysis
competition and cooperation, 340
evolutionary perspective, 345
grasping in, 350–52
H-CogAff, 226–27, 227
networks in, 39
triune brain, 41, 41–42
brain pathways, 138
brain research. See emotion research
brain stem
and the behavioral control column, 42, 361–63
and fear conditioning, 88
fear responses, 91
Broca’s area, 345, 352, 353
buffers. See working memory
Buridan’s ass, 219
cAMP, 31, 53, 55
canonical neurons, 159
Carnegie, Andrew, 311
cats
agressive behavior in, 42
consummatory phase in, 358
vision in, 347–48, 350
causal column, 42–43
central (CE) nucleus, 89, 90, 91
central processing (CogAff), 221, 221, 222
central states, 13, 15, 17. See also internal states
cerebral cortex
and the behavioral control column, 45–46, 48,
48–49
role of in motivation/emotion systems, 44
chemical basis of emotions, 42, 46–47, 62–66
chemical reactions analogy, as emotions analogy,
228
chemotaxis, 35–36, 36
chimpanzee’s mental life (fictional), 335
chunking mechanisms, 223
cocaine. See opioids
CogAff. See also architectural basis for affect;
design-based ontology
architectural subdivisions, 221, 223
and brain architecture, 226–28
and effective functioning model, 225–26
and evolution of brain mechanisms, 228–29
general framework, 221–25
H-CogAff, 226–27, 227, 231
reactive alarms, 222, 229–30
tertiary emotions, 226
virtual machines in, 221, 237, 241n.1
cognition
and the amygdala, 93–94
and emotional states, 338
and emotion research, 81