Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

in robots, 152
in Tolman’s sowbug, 249
mRNA, 43
multiagent systems
and emotion research, 79
and fear, 321–22
Markov decision processes (MDP), 320
team-oriented program (TOP), 313–17
multiagent teamwork (AI)
defined, 312
helicopter mission rehearsal, 324–26
mixed agent-human teams, 323
pure agent teams, 323–24
role allocations in fearful teams, 325
simulated human teams, 321–22
uses for emotions, 321, 326
musculoskeletal response, 14
mutual belief (in BDI), 314
narrative, meeting cancellation. See meeting
cancellation narrative
narrative self, 148
needs. See architectural basis for affect
need-sensors, 206, 207. See also architectural basis
for affect
negative affect. See positive/negative affect
neocortex, 40–41, 41, 83–84
neomammalian brain, 40–41, 41
net reward value. See common currency for
responses
neuroethology, definition of, 344
neuromodulation, 58–61, 366–68
neuropeptide genes, 50
neuroscience. See emotion research
neurotransmitters, 46–48, 56, 65–66
Nomad robot, illustration, 260
non-affective states. See affective states
occipitotemporal extrastriate cortex, 153
ocular dominance columns, 347
old cortex. See primordial cortex
olfactory system, 137, 138, 140
omega architectures, 224
ontologies, for emotion science. See design-based
ontology; emotion research
operants. See instrumental actions
opioids
effects of in animals, 62
and neuromodulation, 58–61, 367
receptors in mammals and insects, 62, 64–65, 65
role of in pain and pleasure, 30, 58, 367
use in arthropods, 63
orbitofrontal cortex
and dual route theory, 125, 126
effects of damage, 140, 141
and face recognition, 141
and implicit route to action, 131–33
inputs, 140
in monkey brain, 365, 365–66
and representation of emotional states, 137, 139
and rewards, 140–41
index 395
role in emotions, 138, 140–42
sensory systems diagram, 137
and visual stimuli, 141
organization hierarchy (in TOP), 311–12, 315–16.
See also belief-desire-intention models (BDI)
overattributions, 161
oxytocin, 102–03
pain. See also pleasure
as desire-like state, 213
as domain-specific emotion, 15
as drive state, 32
and lateral (LA) nucleus, 90
as negative affect, 216
and opioids, 30, 58–61, 367
sensitivity, and fear conditioning, 87
pair-bonding, 102–03, 126. See also attachment; love
paleomammalian brain, 40–41, 41. See also
primitive brain
pallidum, 44
panic, 16, 93
parabrachial area, 43, 91
Partner robots, 279
passion, OED definition, 372
passive, OED definition, 372
past, present, and future, 176
pattern recognition, 180
perception, 98, 176
periventricular zone, 43
personality (effective functioning), 189–92, 204, 209
phlogiston, 266
phobias, 93, 192
pitch contours, 297–99, 298, 299
plan hierarchy (in TOP), 315–16
planning, 133–34
planning route. See explicit route (dual route
theory)
plasticity and flexibility
in the rat brain, 45
and rewards, 30
role of cAMP and CREB in, 31
role of dopamine in, 54
role of opioids in, 62
pleasure. See also pain
as affective state, 213
center, 363
as desire-like state, 213
as emotional category, 16
and opioids, 30, 58, 367
as positive affect, 216
and reinforcement contingencies, 120
and religious indoctrination, 216
POMDPs. See Markov decision processes (MDP)
positive/negative affect, 215–19
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 93
prairie voles, 101–03
praying mantis
behavior model of, 251–52
robotic model, 252–55, 253, 254
as subject of behavior model, 245–46
précis, 354–55