Who Needs Emotions? The Brain Meets the Robot

TAM-WG (taxon affordance model-world graph),
359, 359–60
task force (in TOP), 315
taste system
brain design, 136–37, 137
and emotional brain pathways, 138
and hunger, 140–41
as input to orbitofrontal cortex, 140
and instinct, 37
and opioids, 60
taxes (response to stimuli)
as brain design, 128
defined, 345
as motivation/emotion system, 35
role of in survival, 37
taxon affordance model (TAM), 359–60
team-oriented program (TOP)
in helicopter mission rehearsal, 315, 324–26
integrated with BDI illustration, 317
in multiagent systems, 313–17
tectum, 346–47, 348, 356
temporal representation, 175–77, 176
temporary storage. See working memory
tension, 249
terror, 120
tertiary emotions, 226, 239
thalamic pathway
and conditioning, 88–89, 89, 93
emotional processing, 105
thalamus
and acoustic conditioned stimuli, 88
and the behavioral control column, 46, 48, 48–
49
role of in locomotion, 43
thirst, 32, 35, 129
thrashing state, 212
timidity, 198n.7
toads. See frogs/toads
Tolman’s sowbug, 248, 249, 250, 250–51
tones, as stimuli. See conditioned stimulus (CS)
Tool robots, 277
TOP. See team-oriented program (TOP)
traits, 263–64, 264
triune brain, 40–41, 41
tropisms, 35, 37, 128
Turing, Alan, 11, 18
Turing test, 11, 12, 23
2001 (movie), 193
unconditioned stimulus (US), 86, 89, 90–91
underattributions, 161
units, in Kismet robot, 286–87
US (unconditioned stimulus). See unconditioned
stimulus (US)
valence tag, 282, 300
value of stimulus. See also common currency for
responses; stimuli
and effective functioning, 174, 177
and emotions, 14
and hysteresis, 132
index 399
in Kismet robot, 287
and need for emotions, 15
reward value factors, 131–32
vasopressin, 102–03
ventral prefrontal cortex, 17
ventral stream, 351
virtual humans, 318
virtual machines. See also architectural basis for
affect
as architectural components, 206–07
in CogAff, 221, 237, 241n.1
and robot emotions, 235, 237
types of, 207
vision
action-oriented detectors, 346–47
and affordances, 349
and biological movement, 151
and brain evolution, 344–55
cats, 347–48, 350
and ecological niche, 343
and facial expression processing, 153–54
in frogs/toads, 346–47, 348, 350
generic feature detectors, 347–48
in humans, 343, 347, 348–49
hypercolumns, 347
in Kismet robot, 304
and language support, 344–55
in monkeys, 345, 347–48, 350
multiple visual systems, 351–52
nature of, 342
and the orbitofrontal cortex, 140, 141
in rats, 350
and schema theory, 349
and simulation theory, 157
as stimulus, 251
and the superior colliculus, 346, 348, 350
and the tectum, 346–47, 348
visual system diagram, 137
where, what, and how, 348–49
visual system. See vision
voles, prairie, 101–03
WG (world graph). See world graph (WG)
“what” and “where” visual systems. See vision
Will architecture, 320
working memory. See also memories
and the amygdala, 95, 98–101
and attention, 100
and bodily feedback, 100
and consciousness, 97–98, 368–70
executive functions, 97
and love, 103–04
in prefrontal cortex, 134
role in planning, 133–34
structure, 97
workspaces. See working memory
world graph (WG), 358–60
“you are here” function, 363
zif 268, 44–45