History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEORGE H. COLEMAN, M.D.*IntroductionAS early as the mid- 19th century it was evident that there was a great±\- need for wider distribution of condensed medical informationadapted to the requirements of country practitioners. Three factors wereconcerned in this conclusion: (1) The medical profession was makingrapid strides in improved means of diagnosis and the application of newremedies; (2) the great distances between the sources of improvementand the physicians, as well as the distances between the practitionersthemselves, and (3) the necessity of disabusing public opinion of the impositionsof empirics, for the spread of which doctrines new frontiers affordpeculiar facilities. To satisfy this need, the first medical publication to bepublished in Illinois and in all the vast northwest region—the NorthwesternMedical and Surgical Journal—was issued in 1844. There was a plea forsupport of this publication from all the physicians in the immediate region,not only to keep pace with the other and older states and districts of theUnion, but to apprise them of what was occurring in the West.Also in the mid- 19th century, medicine was undergoing a transition bothnationally and locally, especially in the field of medical organization. TheAmerican Medical Association was founded in 1847; tne Illinois StateMedical Society was reorganized and the Chicago Medical Society organizedin 1850. Dr. Nathan Smith Davis of Chicago was a principal factorin all these movements.The material presented in the following pages has been culled largelyfrom the transactions of the Illinois State Medical Society, thus pinpointingthe progress in the practice of internal medicine within the state's boundaries.At times, articles from other medical publications are discussed whichhave had a far-reaching and basic influence on internal medicine. Such statisticsas are included are intended to depict the disease conditions withinthe state during the half century under consideration in this Volume.* Dr. Coleman, a graduate of Rush Medical College, for many years has been Secretaryof the Institute of Medicine of Chicago. He at present is President of the ChicagoSociety of Medical History, and is Associate Professor Emeritus of Northwestern UniversityMedical School. For years he has carried on a large private practice in internalmedicine in Chicago.—Editor108
Internal Medicine 1091850The typical medical practitioner of 1850 still employed bleeding, emeticsand purging. These methods were considered and taught as standard treatmentbased upon dogmas which had been current for many years. BenjaminRush had been one of their main promoters, and his was a name widelyknown and respected throughout the country.At this time, too, patent medicines came into use, widely advertised bythe newspapers and by medical sideshows, quacks and fakirs. Only a fewmedical meetings of ethical physicians were held because not many suchdoctors had as yet reached this country. But soon they did arrive in considerablenumbers, and it was not long before the State Medical Society,organized ten years earlier but now almost defunct, was again organizedand rapidly became a forceful and permanent group in the state.The first meeting of this reorganized Society was held in Springfield, atwhich time a Committee on Medical Practice was appointed with instructionsto report at the next annual meeting.The first annual meeting of the State Society was held in Peoria withthe President, Dr. William B. Herrick, Professor of Anatomy and Physiologyat Rush Medical College, in the chair. He spoke on "The RemedialProperties of Alimentary Substances and the Changes Produced by Oxygenin Health and Disease." Among other things he said: "The time is not fardistant when the truly scientific physician will use as remedies such substancesonly as help to constitute in health the solids and fluids of thebody. . . . Regard manifestations of disease in the human body as evidencesof want of harmony in the performance of functions consequent uponexcess or deficiency in some of its parts or elements which may be andoften are more promptly restored by the addition or abstraction of one ormore of its normal and proper constituents than by introducing into thesystem, powerful or even poisonous foreign substances." He characterizeddisease, chiefly in the north, by excessive oxidation, and gave pneumonia,pleurisy, croup, rheumatism, tuberculosis and skin affections as examples,whereas those diseases characterized by deficient oxidation—more commonin the south—were yellow, remittent and intermittent fevers, jaundiceand malignant erysipelas, which he attributed to "an accumulation of unoxidizedeffete matter in the blood and tissues." It was his opinion thatthe use of animal oils,remedies, even in most serious forms of disease.lemon juice, common salt and soda were effectiveDr. N. S. Davis of Chicago fought for improved sanitation as a publichealth measure. No sewage system worthy of the name existed inIllinoisin 1850; garbage and refuse were thrown into the Chicago River or wereallowed to accumulate in alleys, while drinking water came from shallow
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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