History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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320 History of Medical Practice in Illinoisto Germany to study, part of the time working in pathology under Virchow.On his return, he entered the state hospital service in Illinois, and from1879 to 1893, served as Superintendent of the Kankakee State Hospital.During his administration visitors from all over the country were attractedthere to observe the working out of new ideas, particularly the cottagesystem and non-restraint. To the eternal disgrace of Illinois, a political shiftcaused Dr. Dewey to leave the state service in 1893. However, he soonfound fertile fields for his constructive ability and built up at Milwaukeean excellent private institution which he directed for twenty-five years.Dr. Dewey was one of a group of talented, philanthropic and versatilemen to whose vision and efforts was due the planning and organization ofinstitutional psychiatric work in the Middle West. His classroom workwas limited to postgraduate students where his excellent reasoning, soundjudgment, sincerity of purpose and wide experience set a pace that probablyhas never been excelled.integrity and good judgment made him aHis knowledge of psychiatry and unquestionedhighly respected medicolegalexpert. The list of his publications shows broad interest in the scientific,social, legal and administrative aspects of psychiatry. From 1894 toigoo,he was Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases at the Chicago PostgraduateMedical School, and from 1894 to 1898 he was Lecturer onPsychiatry at the Chicago Detention Hospital. Following his retirement,Dr. Dewey removed to California, where he died in 1933- 6 '8Recently Pollack and Baer, 9in a paper on the early institutional careof the psychotic in Illinois, among other noted persons, referred especiallyto Dr. Andrew McFarland of New Hampshire. It was he who succeededthe first superintendent, Dr. J.W. Higgins, of the Jacksonville State Hospitalin 1854. The writers stated that the appointment of Dr. McFarland"marked the starting point of the modern era in the care of the psychoticin Illinois." His advanced ideas were handed down through an unbrokenline of pioneer psychiatrists,"Frederick Wines, Dr. Richard Dewey, Dr.George Zeller, Archie L. Bowen, and others fructified further by thesemen." They call special attention to a "Conference on Insanity" whichmet November 10, 1869 and to which letters of inquiry were addressed to"every known superintendent of an asylum in the country." At this historicconference, Dr. McFarland "lashed out strongly against restraint" andcarried the day. The Conference passed a resolution that "so far as practicable,a combination in insane asylums of the cottage system with that atpresent in vogue is desirable," and also that "there are weighty reasons forthe belief that such a combination is practicable, and that it would increaseboth the economy and efficiency of asylums for the insane." Only after8Trans. Amer. Neurol. Assoc. 60:224, '934-9 /. Hist, of Med. 1953, Vol. 8, p. 56.
Neuropsychiatry 321years of controversy did the Illinois Legislature authorize the constructionof an asylum in 1879 at Kankakee where Dr. Mt Fai land's plan was actuallyrealized. Its first superintendent was Dr. Richard Dewey who togetherwith his successors continued the application inthis State.principle of the plan inDr. James Stewart Jewell was a splendid example of a man's ability toaccomplish and round out alife of usefulness in the short period of liltyyears. Dr. Jewell, the first presiding officer of the American NeurologicalAssociation, was born near Galena, Illinois, in 1837. He received his generaleducation in the schools of his native town, and at the age of eighteen beganthe study of medicine under Dr. S. M. Mitchell. He attended his firstformal course of instruction at Rush Medical College in 1858, and laterstudied at Lincl University, where he received his M.D. in 1860.For the next two years he practiced in Williamson County, Illinois, andthen returned to Chicago to accept an appointment as Professor of Anatomyat Lind University. This position he retained until 1869, when heresigned with the purpose of studying and teaching Biblical history. Hetraveled abroad for two years in Palestine and Egypt, after having servedduring the Civil War as Contract Surgeon in General Sherman's command.When he reached Chicago in 1871, he resumed his medical practice andgave his attention to nervous and mental diseases. In 1872, he was appointedprofessor of this branch of medicine in the Chicago MedicalCollege, and two years later he founded and became editor of the ChicagoJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease. About one year before his deathhe founded the Neurological Review, but was compelled to discontinueits publication on account of increasing ill health. He contributed manyvaluable papers on neurologic subjects to this publication as well as toother medical periodicals. Probably no man in America at that time hada greater knowledge of the literature of neurology and psychiatry than didDr. Jewell. He had by his own exertions become proficient in French andGerman and was thoroughly at home in the medical literature of theselanguages. He took great pride in his library, which was both choice andlarge and in which was to be found almost every recent journal or bookof value in the branch of medical science to which he was most devoted. 10Dr. Jewell, engaged in promoting neurology as a specialty, was interestedin the formation of the American Neurological Association in June 1875.He served the Association as President for three successive years after itsfounding. He was always deeply interested in its success and regularlyattended its meetings, until failing health rendered this impossible. Dr.Jewell died after a lingering illness, in his fiftieth year, on April 18, 1887. 610For further details concerning Dr. Jewell's library the reader is referred to ChapterXXII on "Medical libraries" in this volume. Editor
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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12 History of Medical Practice in I
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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114 History of Jiledical Practice i
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Page 306 and 307: CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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3526IndexReed, Dr. Carlos I., 403Re
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History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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