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History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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136 <strong>History</strong> <strong>of</strong> Medical Practice <strong>in</strong> Ill<strong>in</strong>oisDr. R. H. Babcock, Chicago, spoke on physical conditions essentialthe production <strong>of</strong> tympanic resonance, and listed pathologic states <strong>of</strong>pulmonary tissues <strong>in</strong> which this occurs.Dr. J.M. G. Carter, Waukegan, published a series <strong>of</strong> articles on "TheMedical Botany <strong>of</strong> Ill<strong>in</strong>ois." He noted 670 species represent<strong>in</strong>g more thanone-third <strong>of</strong> all the plants <strong>in</strong> the state. His special plea was for <strong>medical</strong>schools to <strong>of</strong>fer courses <strong>in</strong> <strong>medical</strong> botany.Dr. Henry Gradle, Chicago, presented a comprehensive paper entitled"Progress <strong>of</strong> Etiology." He discussed primary diseases, physical and chemical<strong>in</strong>fluences and parasites, secondary disturbances, excit<strong>in</strong>g cause andpredispos<strong>in</strong>g conditions, and pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> disease <strong>of</strong> parasitic orig<strong>in</strong>. Dr. Gradlegave as cause and effect reproduction <strong>of</strong> disease to an extent commensuratewith the morbid lesions, and reproduction <strong>of</strong> typical disease by <strong>in</strong>oculationwith the isolated parasites. Unimpeachable pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> parasitic orig<strong>in</strong> hadbeen furnished <strong>in</strong> cases <strong>of</strong> anthrax, tuberculosis, suppuration, erysipelas,trachoma <strong>of</strong> man, glanders, charbon, chicken cholera, sw<strong>in</strong>e plague, andsome half dozen experimental affections <strong>of</strong> animals. Characteristic bacteriahad been found <strong>in</strong> relaps<strong>in</strong>g fever, leprosy, pneumonia, pyemia, typhoidand gonorrhea, but their significance had not as yet been proven experimentally.Organisms <strong>of</strong> croupous pneumonia had been isolated and reproduced<strong>in</strong> animals by <strong>in</strong>jection and <strong>in</strong>halation. Also osteomyelitis hadbeen reproduced by <strong>in</strong>ject<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to bone marrow, cocci recovered fromhuman cases.The year 1884 was notable for several great scientific advances: Kochdiscovered the cholera vibrio and confirmed typhoid bacillus as the cause<strong>of</strong> typhoid fever; Klebs discovered the diphtheria bacillus; Pasteur discoveredthe hydrophobia virus, and Nicolaier discovered the bacillus <strong>of</strong>tetanus. Also the etiology <strong>of</strong> puerperal peritonitis was be<strong>in</strong>g actively discussed.It was also <strong>in</strong> this year that Dr. N. S. Davis <strong>of</strong> Chicago, with Dr. A. Jacobi<strong>of</strong> New York, attended the Eighth International Medical Congress <strong>in</strong>Copenhagen.11'oThe Committee on Medical Practice <strong>of</strong> the State <strong>Society</strong> discussed manytopics:(1) Hydrochlorate <strong>of</strong> coca<strong>in</strong>e, a new local anesthetic; (2) the certa<strong>in</strong>tythat typhoid must be caused by an organism, Dr. Norman Bridge, Chairman<strong>of</strong> the Committee, po<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g out that much effort was be<strong>in</strong>g expended <strong>in</strong>attempt<strong>in</strong>g to discover some means <strong>of</strong> abort<strong>in</strong>g the disease; (3) the beliefthat it was not necessary to reduce fever except when it was exceptionallyhigh; (4) the doctr<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> contagiousness was more firmly established <strong>in</strong>tuberculosis;(5) comma bacillus as a constant accompaniment <strong>of</strong> cholera.to

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