History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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3goHistory of Medical Practice in Illinoisomy Act" in Illinois than does Dr. Hosmer Johnson, not only because ofthis address but because of his succeeding, persistent efforts toward suchlegislation. It is to be noted that his motives sprang not from his preoccupationin any special or circumscribed field of medicine. Primarily he wasneither an anatomist nor a surgeon. Because of his place in the history ofAnatomy in Illinois, it is fitting to turn aside briefly to give the reader aglimpse of his life and personality. He was born in 1822, in Wales, NewYork, and died, at the age of 69, in Chicago, in 1891. His father was afarmer. At 1 2 years he moved with his parents to Michigan where he wasso fully occupied in helping to develop the new farm that he could not attendschool. He was taught by his mother. Farm work and, later, shoemakingprovided the means for his future education. He attended theAcademy at Romeo, Michigan, from 1844 to 1846, and then enrolled at theUniversity of Michigan as a sophomore. In 1848, a pulmonary hemorrhageinterrupted his studies, and he spent the following year at Vandalia,Illinois, and in St. Louis. Upon returning to college in 1849, he received theB. A. degree, and in 1850 entered Rush Medical College, from which hegraduated two years later. During his medical course he formed a closefriendship with William B. Herrick, the professor of Anatomy, and aftergraduation became associated with him in teaching and in editing theNorth-western Medical and Surgical Journal. In 1853 he was appointedlecturer in Physiology at Rush Medical College, two years later becameProfessor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Jurisprudence, and in 1857was given the chair of Physiology and General Pathology. He relinquishedthis position in 1859, and with several other associates organized the MedicalDepartment of Lind University, Johnson becoming its first president.The subsequent fate of this school is well known— its financial failure, theestablishment of its medical department as an independent institution, theChicago Medical College, in 1864, and its affiliation, in 1869, with NorthwesternUniversity. He remained president of its faculty until 1865, andheld successively the professorships of Histology, General Pathology, PublicHygiene and Clinical Medicine. In that year he resigned because of failinghealth and visited Europe as an emeritus professor. On his return he waspersuaded to lecture on diseases of the throat and chest,being associatedwith Dr. Nathan S. Davis who occupied the chair of Principles and Practiceof Medicine. Dr. Johnson has been described by his colleagues as a manof nobility of character, of great learning, and an agreeable lecturer andkind teacher. He possessed good executive ability, bringing to his officewisdom and sound judgment. He was public-spirited and during theChicago Fire of 1871 was one of the chief organizers of relief work in whichhe exhibited his attributes of gentleness, sympathy and devotion. Hisbroad intellectual interests were shown in his participation in the founding
History of Anatomy Laws in Illinois 391of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, Illinois Microscopical Society, ChicagoAstronomical Society, Chicago Literary Club and the Chicago HistoricalSociety, besides giving his service as an officer in other scientific and medicalbodies.At the same session of the State Medical Society in which Dr. Johnsondelivered his oration, a third attempt was made to stimulate action inproblem of legalizing human dissection by naming a committee, this timecomposed of Nathan S. Davis, S. T. Trowbridge and S. York (chairman).In the following year (i860) its chairman reported verbally that the StateLegislature had not met and that the committee should be continued topush further action. At the same meeting Dr. Nathan S. Davis gave aneloquent speech on "The Mutual Relations and Consequent MutualDuties of the Medical Profession and the Community" in the course ofwhich he, like Johnson, stressed the point that no real knowledge of anatomycan be gained without actual dissections, and made the plea for lawssimilar to those in New York and Massachusetts which assigned unclaimedbodies for that purpose. He informed all classes of the community to allowmore freely and cheerfully not only dissections but also post-mortem examinations.The Civil War years then seemed to have buried whatever progress hadbeen made toward the legalization of human dissection, but in 1865 NathanS. Davis, the indomitable protagonist of high standards in medical education,returned to its necessity and to post-mortem examinations in a paper"On the Nature of Medical Science and its Relation to the Community,"read before the Bloomington meeting of the Society.Two years later, at the meeting of the Society in Springfield, Dr. HosmerA. Johnson offered the following resolution, which was adopted: "That the'Committee on Legislation' be instructed to prepare and present to the nextregular session of the State Legislature, a bill legalizing human dissections,and that each member of this Society be requested to urge upon our legislaturethe importance of such legal provisions as a protection to public andprivate cemeteries as well as for the promotion of medical and surgicaleducation." In 1868, at the Quincy meeting, and again in 1870, at theDixon meeting, this resolution substantially was reiterated by the majorityof the "Committee on Legislation."At this point it is pertinent to come back to the information of Dr. JohnF. Daggett's membership in the Illinois State Senate in 1871. He waselected to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Henry Snapp, representingthe 18th district (composed of Will, Kankakee, Grundy and KendallCounties), and took the oath of office Nov. 16, 1871. He served only thisone partial term. In view of his tragic experience as a medical student, itwould interest us to know what part he played in any proposed medicalthe
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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114 History of Jiledical Practice i
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CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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3526IndexReed, Dr. Carlos I., 403Re
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5 s8 IndexStrong, Dr. R. M., Histor
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