History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

Otolaryngology 281Epochal strides and events having a direct or indirect bearing on otolaryngologywere being brought to light during and immediately pre* edingdie last half of the nineteenth century. Notable among them were the following:1846 Discovery of ether as an anesthetic by Morton1 s 7 First use of chloroform b) James Young Simpsonj1849 Invention of ophthalmoscope 1>\ Helmholz who also gave the worldthe theory i hearing1853 Practical endoscopic tube introduced by Desormeaux1854 Pasteurization of milk1854 Indirect examination of the larynx by the mil ror by Manoel Garcia,"the Father l Laryngology"1857 Pasteur demonstrated truth of vitalistic theoryi860 Discovery of cocaine1861 Speech center in brain discovered by Broca1861 Teaching of laryngology began with Turck and Semeleder in Vienna1867 Lister introduced antisepsis—pus became reprehensible instead oflaudable1868 American Ophthalmological and Otological Society founded1869 Archives of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology was the first specialjournal1871 American Otological Society was founded1875 Advent of the science of microbiology (Pasteur and Koch)1877 Pasteur proved bacillar origin of anthrax1879 American Laryngological Association formed1880 Discovery of typhoid bacillus1879 Invention of electric light by Edison1880 Pasteur published results on attenuation of virus1881 Pasteur rendered animals immune to anthrax1882 Discovery of bacillus of tuberculosis by Koch1882 Von Behring announced discovery of antitoxin for diphtheria1883 Journal of the American Medical Association issued July 71885 Pasteur inoculated against rabies1889 Discovery of bacillus of tetanus1894 Typhoid vaccine made by A. E. Wright1895 Roentgen discovered x-ray1897 Discovery of vitamins by Eykmann1898 Radium discovered by Curie1899 Illinois Medical Journal began July 1Specialization as regarded today is a relatively recent development, althoughHerodotus tells that "Egypt had medical specialists of the narrowesttype, some devoting themselves to one part of the body and others toone disease only." Some felt that this was an exaggeration of the facts,although Homer declared that there were so many physicians in the country"that all Egyptians were physicians." However, the modern specialtiesarose as the knowledge of medicine grew in the 18th century, first theoculists, then obstetricians and gynecologists, followed by the aurists.