History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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384 History of Medical Practice in Illinoisimbursed for their expenditure on the State House there. That edifice isnow a historic shrine and serves as a museum and is maintained by thestate. For a time the town of Vandalia lost its importance, as shown by thedecline of its population from 2500 in 1837 to only 419 in 1850.The fifteen years during which the state legislature convened at Vandaliastamped its impression on the cultural and medical history of the state.A number of colleges were incorporated, public libraries were authorized,and other legislation that had a bearing on the subject of dissection of humanbodies enacted, as already described. That the previous laws prescribingthe mode of licensing physicians had not been found satisfactory isshown by an act, approved by the state legislature in January 1825, con "cerning the appointment of censors in districts of the state and the duty ofsaid board of censors to inspect the diplomas or certificates of Medical Collegesor "respectable Medical Societies" before licensing physicians.In the Statute Laws of the State of Illinois published in 1827 by au "thority of the General Assembly, section 136, pertaining to disinterringthe dead—essentially the Act of 1825—is listed under the division "Offensesagainst the Public Morality, Health and Police." Not much later the legislaturemade more definite provisions towards legalizing dissection in alimited degree, for in the criminal code of 1833, section156, dealing withmurder, states that the "punishment of death shall be inflicted by hanging,"and in the paragraph immediately following provides that "the court mayorder, on the application of any respectable surgeon or surgeons, that thebody of the convict shall, after death, be delivered to such surgeon or surgeonsfor dissection." This principle was reaffirmed in the Statutes of 1845,and then again in 1877, with the revision, however, that such dissection canonly be made if there is no objection to it by some relative of the convict.In the Statutes of 1845, tne act of1825 regarding the "disinterment ofthe dead" is revised and its wording is changed, being a little less verboseand appearing under the caption "Opening any grave." Punishment is notby imprisonment but by payment of a fine that shall not exceed S500. Anothersection has a paragraph on "Trespassers." Apparently this legislationwas not stringent enough, for several years later(1851) after the "graverobbing"episodes in connection with the medical schools at St.Charles,Jacksonville and Rock Island (founded respectively in 1842, 1843 an^1848) had infuriated the public, there was published under the division of"Cemeteries" a law entitled "Trespassers Punished" which, with the Actquoted in full, was to insure the dead doubly against the depredations ofthe anatomists. This supplementary law said that"if any person shall willfully or maliciously cut down, break down, level, demolishor otherwise destroy, injure or damage any railing, fence, or other enclosurearound or upon any land conveyed under the provisions of this act, or any gate
History of Anatomy Laws in Illinois 385or post thereon, or shall remove, break, injure or deface any tomb or other stone,or any post, plank or board, or any description thereon, or shall cut down, destroy,or remove any tree or shrub standing or growing upon such land, he shallbe liable to indictment, and upon conviction thereof to be fined not less thanfio, nor more than $100."Fines for such misdemeanors are the same in the laws of 1869.Since the Illinois State Medical Society eventually took a foremost partin the legislation concerning dissection, it is of interest here to note thatin 1840 a convention was called at Springfield to organize a state medicalsociety. This fust organization met yearly, including 1847, but seems notto have lasted much longer. The present Illinois State Medical Society hadits birth in 1850.That the laws assigning the dead bodies of convicts to surgeons for dissectionwere ineffectual, and that the laws against "grave-robbing" did notstop the illegal procurement of human cadavers for anatomical study hasThebeen shown by the episodes of "body-snatching" already alluded to.tragedy at St. Charles 31 stung the leaders of the medical profession in thestate to action. In 1851, at the 2nd annual meeting of the Illinois StateMedical Society, Dr. Elias S.the following preamble and resolution:Cooper, a young surgeon in Peoria, offered"Whereas, the present laws and public sentiment of the people of the State ofIllinois are strict and binding, holding the Physician and Surgeon legally responsiblefor the performance of their duty, but at the same time are hostile to thosemeans by which a practical knowledge of pathology, skill, and surgical anatomyis obtained; therefore be it resolved, that a Committee of three be appointed toinvestigate the subject of legal dissection in all its relations and bearings, andreport the same to this Society at its next meeting." (Proceedings, June 3rd).The Resolution was adopted, and Dr. W. B. Herrick, the first presidentof the Society, appointed a "Committee on Legal Dissections," consistingof Drs. Cooper, as chairman, J. C. Frye (of Peoria) and W. Chamberlain(of Toulon). In the following year, at the Jacksonville meeting, Dr. Cooper,in response to the request for his report, stated that the spirit of his resolutionof the previous year was not embodied in the record, as found in theprinted minutes of the "Transactions," and that his committee was not toreport to this society but was to memorialize the Legislature on the subject.He had nothing further to say.81 See Chapter VII "The Resurrectionists" in the History of De Kalb County (pp. 95-105) by Henry L. Boies, published in Chicago in 1868; also History of Kane County inthe Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, Munsell Publ. Co., 1904, and Vol. 1, (pp. 542-548)History of Medical Practice in Illinois, preceding 1850, edited by Dr. Lucius Zeuch, andpublished in 1927. Although the narratives as given there appear to be accurate in themain, the present writer by further investigation on the spot has been able to correctcertain details or to enlarge upon them, which he intends to publish at another time.
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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History of Medical Practice in Illi
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CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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