History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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270 History of Medical Practice in IllinoisDr. Jones achieved wide fame as an accomplished surgeon. His hobby issaid to have been horses, and he was noted for his steeds and the splendorof his equipage. He never married. A year before his death in 1901, heretired and devoted his time to an anti-noise crusade.Dr. Ferdinand Carl Hotz, born in 1843 at Wertheim in Baden, was educatedat Heidelberg and Berlin where he was under such masters as Helmholz,Knapp, von Graefe, Virchow and Langenbeck. Arriving in Chicagoin1869, he began practice as a general surgeon with special attention tothe eye and ear, a rather general custom as the specialty was then evolvingin this area. His interest appears to have been primarily in ophthalmology,however, as it is for his work in plastic surgery of the eye(Hotz entropionoperation) that he is most noted. Dr. Hotz followed Dr. Hildreth as oculistand aurist to the Cook County Hospital (1870-75), and became associatedwith Dr. Holmes at the Presbyterian Hospital and Eye and Ear Infirmary(1875-92). He was at various times Professor of Ophthalmology at theWoman's Medical College, Chicago Policlinic and Rush Medical College(1898-1907). In 1888, he was Chairman of the Section on Ophthalmologyand Otology of the American Medical Association and, in 1892-93, he wasPresident of the Chicago Medical Society. Dr. Hotz is said to have been aversatile, contentious, and often hot-tempered man but an uncompromisinghater of sham and quackery.The first graduate of a local school to achieve eminence in the field ofophthalmology in Chicago was Dr. Henry Gradle. Born in Germany, hewas brought to Chicago in 1865 at the age of ten. Graduating from theChicago Medical College (Northwestern University) in 1874, he internedat Mercy Hospital and then spent three years in European study. A followerof Koch, he wrote the first treatise in English on the germ theory.From 1881 to 1885, Dr. Gradle taught physiology and hygiene at the ChicagoMedical College, and then limited his practice to eye, ear, nose andthroat. From 1897 to 1906, he was Professor and Head of the Departmentof Ophthalmology and Otology at his alma mater, and wrote a threevolumetext on "Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear." Dr. Gradle died in1911 at the age of fifty-five. His son, Dr. Harry Gradle, became one ofAmerica's best known ophthalmologists.Dr. Boerne Bettman, born in Cincinnati in 1856, received his degreefrom the Miami Medical College in 1877. After serving as assistant toWilliams of Cincinnati, Knapp of New York and Becker of Heidelberg,and following a considerable sojourn in Europe, Dr. Bettman came to Chicagoin 1881. He was a skillful surgeon. In 1882, he had the distinction ofbeing the first lecturer in ophthalmology at the College of Physicians andSurgeons (University of Illinois). He subsequently became professor there,succeeding Dr. John E. Harper. He also became associated with the Eye
Ophthalmology 271and Ear Infirmary and Cook County and Michael Reese Hospitals. He organizedthe Chicago Ophthalmological and Otological Society and servedas Secretary from 1883 to 1889. Concerning Dr. Bettman's organizing ability,the following account of the early years of the Chicago OphthalmologicalSociety is worthy of note:There had been informal meetings of the ophthalmologists and otologistspracticing in and near Chicago as early as 1880, held in various officesand occasionally at the Tremont House. Papers were read, topics of mutualinterest discussed, and reports given of various experiences in visitingEuropean clinics. The men in this early group were Drs. Holmes, A. P.Gilmore, Hotz, Jones, Gradle, Lyman Ware, J.E. Colburn, E. J.Gardinerand W. T. Montgomery. This informal group called themselves the ChicagoOphthalmological Society. After about three years the meetings lapsedand, in 1883, Dr. Bettman revived it as the Chicago Ophthalmological andOtological Society. The membership was about the same as that of thefirst organization with the addition of Drs. G. F. Hawley, H. M. Starkey,Bettman and John E. Harper. In 1889, this Society became inactive, notto be revived until April 12, 1892, when it was organized under the sametitle, to be changed to the Chicago Ophthalmological Society in 1903 whenstricter division of the specialties became the vogue. The charter membersof this final organization included Drs. G. F. Fiske, Samuel Jones, C. P.Pinckard, F. C. Hotz, Henry Gradle, C. A. Wood, Boerne Bettman, W. T.Montgomery, E. J. Gardiner, C. H. Beard, W. F. Coleman, J.E. Colburn,H. M. Starkey, Lyman Ware, W. A. Fisher, F. D. Stannard and RobertTilley. Dr. E. L. Holmes was named President and Dr. Pinckard, who waslargely responsible for the Society's revival, served as Secretary, a positionhe occupied for the first nine years. Dr. Holmes was re-elected President in1894, followed by Dr. Hotz in 1895, Dr. Gradle in 1896, Dr. Montgomery in1897, Dr. Coleman in 1898, Dr. Ware in 1899 and Dr. C. D. Wescott in1900.The list of charter members of the Chicago Ophthalmological Societyand its predecessors brings forth the names of the most active Chicago eyephysicians toward the close of the century:Dr. A. P. Gilmore was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in1851, andreceived his M.D. degree from Jefferson Medical College in 1875. He practicedin Chicago from 1875 to1894, and then retired from the professionto devote himself to real estate operations, in which he was eminently successful.Dr. Lyman Ware (1841-1916) was graduated from the Chicago MedicalCollege in 1866 and from Pennsylvania in 1868, beginning his medical educationafter the Civil War in which he saw service. He was on the Eye andEar Infirmary staff from 1871 to 1889, and was also a staff member of the
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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i3 Zvibxxtt to Br. 30. 3L ©abteTHI
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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12 History of Medical Practice in I
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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