History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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34 History of Medical Practice in Illinoiswas puzzled because there was no pump, cistern, drain, or means of gettingrid of refuse. Her landlord told her to pile the garbage in the middle ofthe street, where the pigs would dispose of it. And they did. 34 In Milwaukee,in spite of ordinances to the contrary, hogs, cattle, and fowl ran at willuntil the Civil War. 35In Springfield the hog controversy went on for two decades while theanimals wallowed in the mud holes, disputed the narrow sidewalks withpedestrians, rooted up the boards. Their defenders claimed that theyhelped to keep the city clean, and that as long as they were allowed to runloose, the poor could raise their own meat. Their opponents claimed thathogs created more nuisances than they removed, that they were often founddead, and that a dead hog never had an owner. 36 So it went, not only in thecapital of Illinois, but in many another place as well.In all probability the hog, imperfect scavenger that he was, served auseful purpose. Even with his services, conditions were bad enough. Thecity that was built on hilly ground was fortunate, for then the rains washedthe streets, though only to deposit movable rubbish, filth, and offal on thefirst level spot. With this in mind one understands the remark of thetraveler, Hulme, in 1819: "I hate the very sight of a level street, unlessthere be every thing necessary to carry off all filth and water." 37 And oneknows what Latrobe meant when he described Chicago in 1833 as "onechaos of mud, rubbish, and confusion." 38It would be wrong to assume that every pioneer was as dirty, as intemperate,as gluttonous, and as ignorant as the descriptions cited mightindicate. There were many early settlers to whom none of these characteristicscould have been applied. Nevertheless, one cannot immerse himselffor long in the literature of the time without concluding that at least thegeneralizations of observers were sound.It would be wrong, also, to assume that there was no improvementduring the pioneer period. However, even as the mid-century mark approached,conditions in the Middle West left much to be desired. That weknow from the remarkably thorough survey of the region made by Dr.Daniel Drake in the late forties, and published in 1850 under the forbiddingtitle, A Systematic Treatise, Historical, Etiological, and Practical,on the Principal Diseases of the Interior Valley of North America. 39Drake visited almost every community in the Middle West, described it(with particular attention to those aspects of the environment bearing on'"Domestic Mariners of the Americans, I, 52-53.35Bayrd Still, Milwaukee: The History of a City (Madison, 1948), 99-100, 248.36Paul M. Angle, "Here I Have Lived": A History of Lincoln's Springfield, 91.37Early Western Travels, X, 70.38The Rambler in North America, II, 209.89A second Series, with the same title, was published in Philadelphia in 1854.
The Hardy Pioneer 35health), and talked with the leading physicians. Almost invariably hisaccounts end with such statements as "all the forms of autumnal fever occurat this place," "autumnal fever prevails annually," and "in and around thetown, intermittents and remittents prevail every year." As to personalhabits, the strictures of previous visitors appear again in his pages. The useof alcoholic liquor, though not so widespread as formerly, was still excessive.Smoking prevailed to a great extent; the chewing of tobacco waseven more common. Everyone ate too much, and too rapidly. As for bodilycleanliness, "an overwhelming majority of our population seldom batheat all."# # #The hardy pioneer? Hardy he had to be, else how could he have survivedlong enough to recall the happy days of his youth from the sunlit recessesof his memory?
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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i3 Zvibxxtt to Br. 30. 3L ©abteTHI
Page 9 and 10: PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
Page 11 and 12: Prefaceixall of its local health de
Page 13 and 14: PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
Page 15 and 16: THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
Page 17: Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
Page 20 and 21: xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
Page 25 and 26: Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
Page 29 and 30: Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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Page 35 and 36: Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
Page 37 and 38: Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
Page 39: Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Page 45 and 46: Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
Page 47 and 48: Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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114 History of Jiledical Practice i
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CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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3526IndexReed, Dr. Carlos I., 403Re
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5 s8 IndexStrong, Dr. R. M., Histor
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