History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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262 History of Medical Practice in IllinoisDavid Prince of Jacksonville who stated: "I have taken some pains toascertain Dr. Phillips' claims for patronage as an optician and can unhesitatinglyrecommend him to those needing spectacles, or who are aboutto need them. I have also witnessed his treatment of chronic inflammationof the eyes and can assure the public that while his treatment is safe, it ismore than usually successful." Most interesting of all, however, is the firsttestimonial: "As far as my acquaintance with Mr. John Phillips extends,I regard him as a worthy gentleman, and very competent in his profession."This somewhat qualified and cautious endorsement is signed byA. Lincoln, President of the United States.In spite of favorable reviews of Mr. Dr. Phillips' book published in theChicago Medical Journal, Chicago Medical Times, Chicago Tribune andthe Prairie Farmer, the nature of the published testimonials would throwsome doubt on his ethical standing in the profession, which had expelleda member from the State Society for advertising in 1852. Thorough searchhas not revealed much further information as to the author of the book,who would appear to have come to Chicago the same year as Dr. Edward L.Holmes. Examination of the Chicago City Directories for the period revealsthat John Phillips was listed in various directories as "optician,""oculist and optician" and "oculist" from 1859 until his last listing in 1893,the only other information gleaned from that source indicating that he hadbeen born in England.In a paper on "The History of Ophthalmology in Chicago" deliveredbefore the Chicago Ophthalmological Society in 1917, Dr. Casey A. Woodmade the following comments: "... while early ophthalmology quiteproperly boasts of its prophets and martyrs who kept the faith yet it hadalso its Chevalier Taylors who, picturesque though they were, treated thepractice of medicine as simply a commercial proposition. We had such inthe early history of Chicago and I am tempted to refer to one who, while heshall be nameless here, is probably known, at least in a traditional way,to some of you. This man, half oculist, half optician, chose Chicago as hisheadquarters and made more or less regular journeys into the outlyingcountry for the purpose of fleecing the not unwilling inhabitants. He wasno peddler of cheap glasses but an aristocrat who moved about in firstclass style. He generally traveled from place to place in a coach-and-four,accompanied by all the equipment that properly goes along with thatmeans of locomotion. Occupying the best rooms in the best hotels and hisvisit heralded by effective advertisements, he was able to sell glasses madefrom his 'special form of quartz pebbles' whose action on the eyes was notonly mystic but marvelous. The frames of these wonder-working spectacleswere especially prepared for his patients and were engraved in the higheststyle of art. He generally advised his non-presbyopic patients to wear three
Ophthalmology 263pairs of these miraculous pebble glasses, whose refractive power, by theway, was usually a quarter, a half and three fourths of a diopter and forwhich I have known him to receive the sum l fsoo."Early Undergraduate Teaching of OphthalmologyRush Medical College, the first medical school in Chicago, gave nocourses in ophthalmology until 1859, when Dr. Edward L. Holmes wasappointed Lecturer in Ophthalmology and Otology for the spring term.He continued in this capacity until 1869, when he was appointed Professorof Ophthalmology and Otology, a position he was to occupy for the nexttwenty-nine years. The Rush catalogue of 1878-79 noted that "Prof.Holmes will give regular clinical instruction on ophthalmic and auraldiseases at the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, N. W. corner ofAdams and Peoria Sts. every Monday afternoon. A new operating roomfor the Infirmary is contemplated and will probably be completed beforeOctober. During the past year 1603 patients have received treatment at theInfirmary. An excellent opportunity is offered for studying the diagnosisand medical and surgical treatment of diseases of the eye and ear. Prof.Holmes will also give private instruction in the use of the ophthalmoscopeand the adaptation of spectacles." From 1869 to 1889, Dr. Holmes was theonly ophthalmologist holding academic rank on the faculty, although Dr.W. T. Montgomery was mentioned in the description of courses offered asbeing an Instructor in the Dispensary as early as 1878.Among others later listed on the Central Free Dispensary staff or assistingDr. Holmes in his clinics at the College or Infirmary were Drs. F. C.Hotz, Lyman Ware, E. W. Whitney, F. C. Schaefer, S. S. Bishop, J. E. Colburn,Alfred Hinde and H. W. Howard.In 1889, Dr. Hinde appeared on the faculty list as "Ophthalmologist tothe Neurological Clinic." He was the first after Dr. Holmes to receivefaculty appointment. It should be borne in mind that these appointmentswere few in number and that, in 1877, tnere were only eleven members ofthe regular faculty. Dr. C. D. Wescott was added as Instructor in Diseasesof the Eye and Ear in 1893, Dr. W. C. Cox in 1895, and in 1897, Dr. W. H.Wilder. During this period, Dr. Holmes and Dr. Ware were the only attendingophthalmologists tothe Presbyterian Hospital.In 1898, Dr. Holmes retired and Dr. Hotz was appointed Professor ofOphthalmology and Otology. The other members of the department wereDrs. Wescott, Wilder and E. T. Dickerman as Instructors, and Drs. R. A.MacArthur and E. A. Lawbaugh as Clinical Assistants. The following year(1899), Drs. Stuart Webster and E. V. L. Brown were added as ClinicalAssistants. In 1900, Drs. Wilder and Wescott were advanced to the post ofAssistant Professors; Dr. Dickerman was named Instructor; Dr. Lawbaugh,
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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12 History of Medical Practice in I
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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