History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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158 History of Medical Practice in IllinoisJ.As a practical economic measure a resolution was introduced by Dr.C. Frye of Peoria that "a committee of three be appointed to memorializethe Legislature in regard to the unjust and oppressive operation ofthe late law of homestead exemption upon the medical profession; seeingthat the mechanic is secured in his remuneration for labor necessarily completedbefore payment, and while the merchant possesses the choice ofsaying whom he will trust, the physician has to attend to all, perhaps morebecause they are poor, and under the present law is dependent wholly uponthe honor of a large number who are indebted to him and never intend topay." Such an understanding of humanity was held by our sturdy forefathers!Dr. Herrick, in his 1851 Presidential Address, hailed the approach of anew era in the study and practice of medicine. In his discussion of the oxidationof food and materials in the body, he spoke of the "fibrine" in theblood and mentioned the "fact stated by Hassal, in his 'Microscopic Anatomyof the Human Body,' where it is asserted that 'the true cause of thefatality which has so often attended the operation of transfusion(blood)depends upon the differences which exist in the qualities of the fibrine inthe blood of two different animals, or even two distinct individuals. Thisis shown by the fact that the transfusion of blood deprived of its fibrine,is never followed by the serious results to which reference has been made.' "Appendix B was entitled "Chloroform in Surgical Operations, an Additamentumto the Report on Surgery." Dr. E. S. Cooper of Peoria reportedon an opportunity of testing the effects of chloroform as an anestheticagent in 79 surgical operations since the reorganization of the Illinois StateMedical Society, mostly minor operations, which he thought displayed themerits of the article itself in producing insensibility. This is the first recordof the use of chloroform in the state. Its effects were as various as those ofthe protoxide of nitrogen. It was advised to administer it a few drops ata time when the patient's stomach was empty. It was considered safe tobegin with a small amount on a napkin or sponge held at a distance fromthe mouth "as there is a great susceptibility of some grown persons to itsaction." He reported one case of a 25-year old woman who was operatedupon for strabismus on December 10, 1850, seated in a chair. Chloroformwas given under his direction, 20 drops used with a napkin held close tothe mouth. "Two or three vigorous inhalations were rapidly made, whenthe patient sank down and would have fallen. She struggled, gasped forbreath, became pulseless, and lips and cheeks assumed a purple hue. Shewas placed in a recumbent position, lungs forcibly expanded, fauces titillated,face sponged with spiritsof camphor and some being given internally.She recovered slowly with headache, pain and fullness in the chest,and with prostration and loss of strength for days. Two weeks later the doc-
General Surgery 159tor tried chloroform again with the napkin held three inches away and 15drops used. The chloroform was increased and a complete and pleasantanesthesia produced with no unpleasant after symptoms." Certainly ourforebears had courage and used trial and error to its limit.After that experience the doctor did not use chloroform tothe extentof producing anesthesia in any case without testing the susceptibility ofthe patient by first using the smallest imaginable quantity. He said thaimost if not all fatal cases (he did not report any of his own) occurred inconsequence of rapid inhalations rather than too long acontinuance ofchloroform. There comes to mind Senn's "talking anesthesia" soon afterthe turn of the century, using ether in resection of the frequently foundtumors of the face, palate or jaws in which there was much uncontrollablebleeding into the mouth and throat. Suction apparatus was unknown, butby keeping the patient partly under the influence of the anesthesia, Sennstill preserved his patient's cough reflex, with the result that blood andtaliva were frequently spewed over the surgeon and his assistants.But inhalationpneumonia was avoided.1857In 1857, the Seventh Annual Meeting—an outstanding one—was heldat Rush Medical College in Chicago. Dr. H. Noble was President. Therewere present eight permanent members from Chicago and 24 delegatesfrom down state. Drs. John H. Hollister, Edmund Andrews, Daniel Brainard,D. W. Graham and E. L. Holmes of Chicago were elected topermanent membership. The Committee on Surgery consisted of Drs.William M . Chambers of Charleston, F. B. Haller of Vandalia, and J.H.Hollister of Chicago.At this meeting Dr. Brainard read his famous paper on "Treatment ofUnunited Fractures by the Method of Perforation." This consisted ofdrilling crosswise in several directions through the site of non-union, followedby immobilization. The drilling was done with ordinary nonsteriledrills and often led to local infection. However, it succeeded many timesin obtaining union; it was an entirely new method and was so recognizedthroughout the surgical world.An instance of tracheotomy was recorded in which the doctor had in hishurry employed a female silver catheter from his pocket case, cutting oil thepoint with a pocket knife. Using this, he was able to inflate the child'slungs with the help of artificial respiration continued 35 minutes, the heartbeat being perceptible after 12 minutes. Five days later this cannula becameobstructed and on removal was found to contain a false membrane.The child was allowed to die at her father's request!Dr. Calvin Truesdale of Rock Island reported an instance of "Severe
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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12 History of Medical Practice in I
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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