History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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248 History of Medical Practice in Illinoishood depended, such asthe wine producers of France and the dairy intereststhroughout the world, he contributed greatly. His researches onchicken cholera, anthrax and rabies were of scientific and lasting significance.In Illinois the name of Pasteur is most commonly associated with milk.Prior to 1900, pasteurization of milk in Illinois was an unusual procedure.There were no laws which required that all milk be pasteurized, and therewas no routine health inspection of dairies. Pasteur's discoveries of pasteurizationand sanitation formed the anchor posts necessary for progress inthe field of pediatrics in Illinois as elsewhere soon after 1900.Pertinent Biographic SketchesGeorge Elias Shipman (1820-1893) was the first pediatrician, as we understandthe term today, to practice in Illinois. He attended MiddleburyMedical College in Vermont and graduated from the University of NewYork in 1830. Later he adopted homeopathy after some time spent inEurope. In 1871, the year of the Chicago fire, he organized the ChicagoFoundling Home.Edward Oscar Fitzland Roler (1833-1907), a native of Winchester,Virginia, was graduated from Rush Medical College in 1850. In 1886 he wasmade Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children at theChicago Medical School (later Northwestern University).James Snydam Knox, a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeonsin New York, came to Chicago in 1873. He joined the Faculty ofRush Medical College and eventually became Professor of Obstetrics andDiseases of Children. Following his death in 1892, pediatrics was establishedas a separate department at Rush.Charles Warrington Earle (1845-1893) was born in Westfield, Vermont.A veteran of the Civil War, he received his medical degree from the ChicagoMedical School (Northwestern University) in 1870. In 1881 he was one ofthe founders of the College of Physicians and Surgeons (now the Universityof Illinois). He became Professor of Diseases of Children in the Women'sMedical College, Chicago. One of his special interests was typhoid feverin infants and children. He contributed to pediatric literature and participatedin many programs of the Illinois State Medical Society.Alfred Cleveland Cotton (1847-1916) seems to have been the first Illinoispediatrician of prominence who was born in the state, his native townbeing Griggsville, Illinois. At the age of 16, he was a Civil War volunteer.He graduated from Rush Medical College in 1878. Four years later hecame from his home town to Chicago, and in 1888 was made Adjunct Professorof Therapeutics at Rush. In 1892, he was named Head of the Departmentof Pediatrics at Rush, when that department was established as a unitseparate from the Department of Obstetrics. At the same time Dr. Cotton
Pediatrics 249was appointed attending physician to the Presbyterian Hospital which wasthen closely associatedwith Rush and supplied much of the material forclinical teaching. He contributed to the literature on the care ol infantsand also wrote on the child's developmental period. Because of his ratherfarge head and heavy growth of long bushy white hair, his name seemedappropriate!Marcus Patton Hatfield(1849—1900) graduated from the Chicago MedicalSchool (Northwestern University) in 1872 and spent the followingyear studying in Europe. From 1881 to 1896 he was Professor of Diseasesof Children at his alma mater. Dr. Isaac Abt stated (The Growth of Pediatricsin the Chicago Area, Medical Clinics of North America, January1946) that Hatfield was the first Professor of Pediatrics in any of the Chicagomedical schools. He was also one of the founders of Wesley Hospital, amember of the American Pediatric Society and the author of several books,including one on "Acute Contagious Diseases of Childhood."Frank E. Waxham (1853-191 1) came from Indiana and graduated fromthe Chicago Medical School in 1878. He was the first Professor of Diseasesof Children at the College of Physicians and Surgeons(University of Illinois)when that school was established in 1882. Later, about 1888, hechanged to the Department of Otoloty, Laryngology and Rhinology. Waxham,in 1885, is said to have been the first in Chicago to perform the operationof intubation which had shortly before been devised by O'Dwyer inNew York. A mouth gag commonly used during the operation bore Waxham'sname in later years. Eventually he moved to Denver and becameassociated with Gross Medical College.Walter Shield Christopher (1850-1905) was a Kentuckian who graduatedfrom the Medical College of Ohio in 1883. He came to Chicago in 1891and a year later was made Professor of Pediatrics at the College of Physiciansand Surgeons (University of Illinois). While a member of the ChicagoBoard of Education, he was instrumental in bringing about medical inspectionin the public schools. Dr. Christopher was an attending physicianat Children's Memorial Hospital and contributed many papers to pediatricliterature, in 1894, while Chairman of the Section on Diseases of Childrenof the American Medical Association, his address was entitled "Pediatricsas a Specialty." He was a member of the American Pediatric Society and itsPresident in 1902. There probably was no one in his day who was moreactive in the advancement of pediatrics in Illinois.Frank Spooner Churchill (1864-1946) was born in Milton, Massachusetts.He graduated from the Medical School of Harvard University in1890. Following his internship at the Massachusetts General Hospital, hecame to Chicago in 1892 and was made Associate Professor of Pediatricsat Rush Medical College where he continued to teach until1906. He wasvisiting physician to Cook County Hospital and attending physician to
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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12 History of Medical Practice in I
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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