History of medical practice in Illinois - Bushnell Historical Society

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a414 History of Medical Practice in Illinoistrading post, and later as a great medical center which served southernIllinois most effectively for a long time.The northern part of Illinois developed in a very different way. Here theIndian problem was a serious one and the settlements by the whites wereto a large extent blocked by the Indian treaties made by the government atan earlier time. The Black Hawk War of 1832 changed all this. With thedefeat of the Indians, the northern counties were rapidly occupied by thewhites, not primarily from the south but from the eastern colonies, chieflyNew York and New England. With them came many medical men—variegated lot it is true—including quacks, midwives, bone setters, feverdoctors, hawkers, etc. But among them were also a large number of highlyrespectable physicians, many of whom had graduated from some one of themedical schools, above referred to,in the East.In and about Chicago, soon after this great migration in the 1840's,groups of the more resourceful of these physicians again saw fitto createmedical schools as their predecessors had done in the East. No doubt themotives that impelled them to do this were mixed, but whatever they were,the services of doctors were in great demand, primarily due to two reasons:(1) a general dearth of competent physicians for general practice, and (2)the existence in this new country of a very high incidence of serious epidemicdiseases, malaria, cholera, smallpox and children's diseases beingoutstanding.The creation of a motley array of medical schools continued throughoutthe entire nineteenth century. It is reported that in Illinois fourteenschools existed at one time, and many more were created. Some of them,it is known, died "aborning," as one writer put it. 1 While most of themclosed their doors permanently, several at a later time fused or unitedwith other institutions, chiefly the large universities. This "regeneration"resulted to a great degree from the activities of the Council of the AmericanMedical Association at the turn of the century.Before proceeding with special histories of these colleges, it is pertinentto call attention in some detail to a volume on the Colleges of the Westwritten in 1896; it was edited by H. G. Cutler, formerly of the NewberryLibrary, and published by the Oxford Publishing Company of Chicago.It is both historical and biographical, and is well illustrated by cuts inphotogravure and steel. A large amount of medical information is herepresented, covering chiefly the period during the second half of the lastcentury. Fairly detailed histories of the more important and larger institutionsare given, with less detailed accounts of the small ones. Certain historicaldata are found here that are not available elsewhere.1By 1943 not one of all these medical schools continued to exist under its originalname.
Medical Education in Illinois 415Also in Volume I (Zeuch) of this series appear histories of the fourmedical colleges in Illinois that opened their doors before 1850: TheIllinois College Medical School of Jacksonville, in existence from 1843 to1848; Rush Medical College of Chicago, in existence from 1843 to ! 943;Franklin Medical College, St. Charles, in existence from 1842 to 1849, anc*the Rock Island Medical School of Rock Island, organized in 1848 and,after one year, was moved to Davenport, Iowa, and ultimately was mergedinto the State University of Iowa. 2From the above data it is seen that in the year 1850, only one medicalcollege was in existence in Illinois, namely, Rush Medical College, and itremained the only medical college in the state until 1859 when, due to aschism in the faculty, a second medical school was created—Lind University,now Northwestern University Medical School. For the purposes of VolumeII, 3 therefore, it will be necessary to continue the history of Rush MedicalCollege from 1850 to 1900; to present the history of Lind University(whichlater became the Chicago Medical College and still later [1891] NorthwesternUniversity Medical School), as well as the histories of the Collegeof Physicians and Surgeons, the Woman's Medical College, and briefhistories of several other schools, including the Colleges of Homeopathyand of Eclecticism in Chicago. 4 52The historical accounts of these colleges were prepared from the monograph writtenIn Dr. George Weaver who was at that time (1927) a member of the History Committeeof the Illinois State Medical Society that issued Volume I. This monograph, publishedin Vol. 3 (1925) of the Bulletin of the Society of Medical History of Chicago, is repletewith biographical and institutional data for the period preceding 1850, being particularlycomplete in lists, both of medical references and general historical contributions.3 It has been necessary to extend here and there the time intervals somewhat beyond1900 for purposes of completing episodes.1Osteopathy had its origin in Kirksville, Missouri, in 1892, having been promulgatedby Dr. A. T. Still. Since in Illinois little progress had been made before 1900, the completehistory of the system is deferred for consideration in Volume III of this series. Itmay be said here that an Osteopathic Bill was introduced in the Illinois Legislature in1897-98 but was defeated. For further details see Chapter IV of this Volume.6The Editor has transposed the following from the material collected by Dr. KelloggSpeed in his contribution on "Surgery" (Chap. VIII):The medical colleges listed in Illinois in 1844 el seq. for licensure were:1. Rush Medical College, Chicago. In 1882-83 it had 549 matriculates and 183, or 33per cent, graduated. The total number of graduates of this college in Illinois at thattime was 909.2. Medical Department of Illinois College, Jacksonville. This was organized in 1843and suspended in 1848, but there were 10 graduates in Illinois in 1884.3. Medical Department of the University of St. Charles at St. Charles, Illinois. Thishad been organized in 1842, transferred to Rock Island in 1849 and to Keokuk, Iowa,in 1850.4. Rock Island Medical College. This was organized in 1849 and lectures were givenduring 1849 and 1850. There was one remaining graduate in Illinois in 1884.5. Chicago Medical College (Medical Department of Northwestern University). From
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HISTORY OFMEDICAL PRACTICEIN ILLINO
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PREFACEVARIOUS members of the Illin
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Prefaceixall of its local health de
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PrefacexiDr. E. A. Piszczek, Chicag
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THEEDITOR'S FOREWORDperiod 1850 to
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Editor's Forewordxvand 650 he comme
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xviiiXVIII.XIX.Medical Bacteriology
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONBy DAVID J.DAV
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Introduction 5Smillie 3 wrote on ep
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CHAPTER IIMEDICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ILLI
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Medical Geography of Illinois 9geol
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12 History of Medical Practice in I
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Medical Geography of Illinois 15had
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Medical Geography of Illinois 17of
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Fig. i. Places and regions in Illin
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Medical Geography of Illinois 21ref
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Medical Geography of Illinois 23Cha
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i„r»-l ll'urlnllli• A i!.n»Ut
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CHAPTER IIITHE HARDY PIONEER:HOW HE
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CHAPTER IVORGANIZATION OF THE ILLIN
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CHAPTER VIIINTERNAL MEDICINEBy GEOR
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114 History of Jiledical Practice i
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History of Medical Practice in Illi
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CHAPTER XIIIOTOLARYNGOLOGYBy ALFRED
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CHAPTER XIVDERMATOLOGYBy B.BARKER B
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CHAPTER XVNEUROPSYCHIATRYBy OSCAR H
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CHAPTER XXIVMEDICAL JOURNALISM IN I
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APPENDIXMISCELLANEOUS NOTESAddition
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5ioIndexAntifebrin, 138, 139Antipyr
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5 1 * Index159, 163, 190, 284; Amer
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5HCollege of Medicine, University o
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516 IndexEpidemics, 5, 507Epileptic
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15 i8 IndexHarris, Dr. J. O., 115Ha
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5 2 ° IndexJacobson, Dr. Daniel Si
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522Index456, 457; Privately Endowed
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524IndexParkes, Dr. Charles T., 181
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3526IndexReed, Dr. Carlos I., 403Re
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5 s8 IndexStrong, Dr. R. M., Histor
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