Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 972non-distinctive through the existential operator. On the other hand, ambiguities such asthose found in the colloquial statement Everybody loves somebody can be specified informal logic by illuminating the different scopes of the quantifying expressions. Suchspecifications constitute an important area of investigation for linguistic descriptions.Compare the approach of generative semantics (Lakoff 1971; Partee 1970) as well asthe corresponding proposals of categorial grammar and Montague grammar,specifically Montague’s milestone essay of 1973, The proper treatment of quantificationin ordinary English.’ (abbrev. PTQ)ReferencesAltham, J.E.J. 1971. The logic of plurality. London.Bartsch, R. 1973. The semantics and syntax of number and numbers. In P.Kimball (ed.), Syntax andsemantics. New York. 51–93.Bellert, I. 1971. On the use of linguistic quantifying operators in the logico-semantic structure ofrepresentation of utterances. Poetics 2. 71–86.Cushing, S. 1982. Quantifier meanings: a study in the dimensions of semantic competence.Amsterdam.Hausser, R.R. 1974. Quantification in an extended Montague grammar. Austin, TX.Horn, L.R. 1972. On the semantic properties of logical operators in English. Los Angeles, CA.Jackendoff, R.S. 1968. Quantifiers in English. FL 4. 422–42.Keenan, E.L. 1971. Quantifier structures in English. FL 7. 255–84.Lakoff, G. 1971. On generative semantics. In D.D. Steinberg and L.A.Jakobovits (eds), Semantics.Cambridge, MA. 232–96.Levin, H. 1982. Categorial grammar and the logical form of quantification. Naples.Löbner, S. 1986. Quantification as a major module of natural language semantics. In J.Groenendijkand M.Stokhof (eds), Information, interpretation, and inference: selected papers of the fifthAmsterdam colloquium. Dordrecht. 53–85.May, R.C. 1978. The grammar of quantification. Cambridge, MA.Montague, R. 1973. The proper treatment of quantification in ordinary English. In J.Hintikka,J.M.E. Moravcsik, and E.Suppes (eds), Approaches to natural language. Dordrecht. 221–42.(Repr. in Formal philosophy: selected papers of R.Montague, ed. R.H.Thomason. New Haven,CT, 1974. 247–70.)Partee, B.H. 1970. Negation, conjunction, and quantifiers: syntax vs semantics. FL 6. 153–65.Pelletier, F.J. 1979. Mass terms: some philosophical problems. Dordrecht.Van der Auwera, J. (ed.) 1980. Determiners. London.formal logicquantifier1 In predicate logic, a frequently used synonym for operator in the narrower sense, thatis, an umbrella term or synonym for the universal quantifier and the existential quantifier.2 Linguistic term taken from predicate logic that designates operators that specify orquantify a set and are expressed in everyday language by indefinite adjectives orpronouns (all, some, several, and others), numerals (one, two, three, etc.), the definitearticle (The books are expensive), or indefinite plurals (Books are expensive). Intransformational grammar quantifiers are derived from noun phrases in the deep