Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 804ReferencesBurke, K.A. 1945. A grammar of motives. Berkeley, CA.Sappan, R. 1987. The rhetorical-logical classification of semantic changes. Braunton.Ullmann, S. 1962. Semantics: an introduction to the science of meaning. Oxford.stylisticsnominalization1 Broadly speaking, every derivation of nouns from another word class, e.g. from verbs(feeling vs feel) or adjectives (redness vs red), but also from another noun (womanhoodvs woman).2 Productive process of word formation through which words of all word classes canbe used as nouns. In contrast to conversion 2 (hit< (to hit), lexicalization is not anunderlying phenomenon of nominalization. Normally, nominalization concerns adjectives(including participles) that appear as abstract concepts (the inconceivable), or as nounsdenoting persons (one’s contemporaries’, the good, the bad, the ugly; those initiated),where the resulting word keeps its attributive adjectival function. Also verbs and verbphrases frequently appear as gerunds in nominal phrases: swearing, twiddling one ‘sthumbs. Virtually any word can be nominalized: conjunctions (no ifs, ands, or buts)adverbs (the here and now), particles (a resounding no), or parts of words (an ism).ReferencesKoptjevskaja-Tamm, M. 1993. Nominalizations. London.Olsen, S. 1988. Das substantivierte Adjektiv im Deutschen und Englischen. FoLi 22. 337–72.Zucchi, A. 1993. The language of propositions and events: issues in the syntax and the semantics ofnominalization, Dordrecht.3 lexicalist vs transformationalist hypothesisnominative [Lat. nominare ‘to name’] (alsocasus rectus)Morphological case in nominative languages which as casus rectus usually has a zeroform and marks the subject of the sentence. The nominative can also occur in predicativenouns (He is a teacher) or outside the sentence frame (Kids, please quiet down). Forobjects in the nominative, see Timberlake (1974).