Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 80Arabic), as well as various regional dialects (main dialects: Egypt, West North Africa,Syria, Iraq, Arabian Peninsula; Maltese is strongly influenced by Italian). The term ‘OldSouth Arabian’ is used for the old independent languages in the southern part of theArabian Peninsula. A unique alphabet developed from Aramaic (consonantal writingsystem with restricted ability to mark vowels) in two versions: the block letter Kūfīwriting and the cursive form Nashī more often used.Characteristics: rich consonant system (including uvular, pharyngeal and laryngealsounds) contrasting with a simple vowel system. For its morphology Semitic. Wordorder VSO; in the dialects often SVO.ReferencesBloch, A.A. 1991. Studies in Arabic syntax and semantics, 2nd rev. printing. Wiesbaden.Eid, M. et al. (eds) 1990–4. Perspectives on Arabic linguistics, 6 vols. hitherto. Amsterdam andPhiladelphia, PA.Fischer, W. and H.Gätje (eds) 1982. Grundriss der arabischen Philologie, vol. I:Sprachwissenschaft. Wiesbaden.Classical ArabicFischer, W. 1987. Grammatik des Klassischen Arabisch, 2nd edn. Wiesbaden.Wright, W. 1955. A grammar of the Arabic language, 3rd edn, 2 vols. Cambridge.Modern Standard ArabicCantarino, V. 1974–5. Syntax of Modern Arabic prose. Bloomington, IN and London.Holes, C. 1994. Modern Arabic. London.Stetkevych, J. 1970. The Modern Arabic literary language: lexical and stylistic developments.Chicago and London.Individual dialectsAhmed, M. 1992. Lehrbuch des Ägyptisch-Arabischen, 3rd rev. and enlarged edn. Wiesbaden.Aquilina, J. 1973. The structure of Maltese: A study in mixed grammar and vocabulary. Msida.Behnstedt, P. and M.Woidich. 1985–8. Die ägyptisch-arabischen Dialekte, 3 vols. Wiesbaden.Blau, J. 1988. Studies in Middle Arabic and its Judaeo-Arabic variety. Leiden.Cowell, M.W. 1964. A short reference grammar of Syrian Arabic. Washington, DC.Erwin, W.M. 1963. A short reference grammar of Iraqi Arabic. Washington, DC.Fischer, W. and O.Jastrow. 1980. Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte. Wiesbaden.Harrell, R.S. 1962. A short reference grammar of Moroccan Arabic. Washington, DC.Holes, C. 1989. Gulf Arabic. London.Mitchell, T.F. 1956. An introduction to colloquial Egyptian Arabic. London.Owens, J. 1984. A short reference grammar of Eastern Libyan Arabic. Wiesbaden.——1993. A grammar of Nigerian Arabic. Wiesbaden.