Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 34AIartificial intelligenceAinuLanguage with approx. 16,000 speakers on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido,Sakhalin, and in the Kurile Islands. Its genetic affiliation has not yet been satisfactorilydetermined.ReferencesDettmer, H. 1989. Ainu-Grammatik. Wiesbaden.Patrie, J. 1982. The genetic relationship of the Ainu language. Honolulu, HI.Shíbatani, M.Y. 1990. The languages of Japan. Cambridge.airstream mechanismArticulatory process involved in the formation of speech sounds in which air is forcedfrom the lungs (pulmonic airstream mechanism), through the glottis (glottalic airstreammechanism), or between the dorsum and velum (velaric airstream mechanism). InEnglish, all sounds are formed with the pulmonic airstream mechanism. Implosives andejectives are formed with the glottalic airstream mechanism, and clicks with velaricairstream mechanism. ( also articulatory phonetics)phoneticsReferences