Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 434Eaton, H.S. 1940. A semantic frequency list for English, French, German and Spanish. Chicago,IL.Gougenheim, G. 1958. Dictionnaire fondamental de la langue française. Paris.Hindmarsh, R. 1980. Cambridge English lexicon. Cambridge.Jones, L.U. 1966. A spoken word count. Chicago, IL.Josselson, H.H. 1953. Russian word count. Detroit. MI.Juilland, A., D.Brodin, and C.Davidovitch. 1970. Frequency dictionary of French words. TheHague and Paris.Kaeding, F.W. 1898. Häufigkeitswörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Steglitz.Kučera, H. and W.N.Francis. 1967. Computational analysis of present-day American English.Providence, RI.Kühn, P. 1978. Deutsche Wörterbücher: eine systematische Bibliographie. Tübingen.Meier, H. 1964. Deutsche Sprachstatistik. Hildesheim. (2nd edn 1967.)Morgan. B.Q. 1928. German frequency word book. New York.Roberts, A.H. 1965. A statistical linguistic analysis of American English. London.Rosengren, I. 1972. Ein Frequenzwörterbuch der deutschen Zeitungssprache: Die Well,Süddeutsche Zeitung. Lund.Ruoff, A. 1981. Häufigkeitswörterbuch gesprochener Sprache: gesondert nach Wortarten,alphabetisch. rückläufig alphabetisch und nach Häufigkeit geordnet. Tübingen.Steinfeldt, E. 1973. Russian word count: 2,500 words most commonly used in modern literaryRussian. Guide for teachers of Russian, trans. V.Korotky. Moscow. (Orig. 1966.)Thorndike, E.L. 1944. The teacher’s word book of 30,000 words. New York.Wängler, H.-H. 1963. Rangwörterbuch hochdeutscher Umgangssprache. Marburg.West, M. 1953. A general service list of English words. London. (5th edn 1960.)frequentativeiterative vs semelfactiveFreudian slipspeech errorfricative [Lat. fricare ‘to rub’] (also spirant)Speech sound classified according to its manner of articulation, namely with pulmonicor pharyngeal air ( ejective), and in which at least in one position the oral cavity formsa narrow passage through which the expired air creates sound through friction.Subclasses of fricatives are formed by labialization, palatalization, velarization,pharyngealization ( secondary articulation), aspiration, nasalization, glottalization.Further classificatory characteristics are phonation, the articulator, and place ofarticulation ( articulatory phonetics). In English, all fricatives are formed with thepulmonic airstream mechanism. Ejective fricatives are found in Amharic andCaucasian. Unlike (non-nasal) stops, fricatives can function as syllables, e.g. in the