Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 603Etymological dictionariesBattisti, C. and G.Alesso. 1950–7. Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols. Florence.Cortelazzo, M. and P.Zolli. 1990. Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana. Bologna.Pfister, M. 1979–. Lessico etimologico italiano. (Vol. V 1995.) Wiesbaden.BibliographiesHall, R.A., Jr 1958–69. Bibliografia della linguistica italiana. Florence.——1973. Bibliografia essenziale della linguistica italiana e romanza. Florence.ItalicLanguage branch of the Indo-European family with numerous dialects on the Italianpeninsula, all now extinct. The classification of the Italic languages poses numerousdifficulties (such as Latin-Faliscan, and Oscan-Umbrian). Included in this group is Latin,the former dialect of Rome, whose various regional variants (e.g. Vulgar Latin) havedeveloped into the modern Romance languages.ReferencesBuck, C.D. 1928. A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian. Boston, MA.Pisani, V. 1964. Le lingue dell’Italia antica oltre il latino, 2nd edn. Turin.Prosdocimi, A.L. (ed.) 1978. Lingue e dialetti dell’ Italia antica. Rome.Pulgram, E. 1958. The tongues of Italy. Cambridge, MA.item-and-arrangement grammarTerm introduced by C.F.Hocket t for the grammar concept of American Structuralism,especially that of Harris ( distributionalism) which is conceived of as a static systemof unambiguously delimited items, or more precisely, morphemes, and certainarrangements, which are to be understood as rules for the ordering of these elements. Thelimits of this approach are to be seen where no unambiguous allocation of morpheme andmeaning is possible, e.g. in drink vs drank’. in contrast to link vs linked, the morpheme‘preterite’ in drank cannot be isolated from the meaning of the stem by segmentation.The interpretation suggested for drank as a portmanteau morpheme runs counter to thebasic principle of the unambiguous segmentability of the items. For a critique of the item-