Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 856paragrammatism [Grk pará ‘beside, along;in transgression of,’ grámma ‘writing’]In neurolinguistics and speech-language pathology, a term referring to a feature ofacquired language disorder, with languagespecific characteristics (see also Bates et al.1987). In English, paragrammatism is characterized by substitution errors of functionwords. The term, introduced by K.Kleist in 1914, was identified as a feature ofWernicke’s aphasia in contrast with agrammatism in Broca’s aphasia (see de Bleser1987). Paragrammatism, for a time, was considered a virtual synonym for Wernicke’saphasia. This strict association can no longer be maintained, since a given patient mayproduce agrammatical utterances in spontaneous speech and paragrammatical utterancesin experimental situations (see Heeschen 1985).ReferencesBates, E. et al. 1987. Grammatical morphology in aphasia: evidence from three languages. Cortex23. 545–74.Bleser, R.de. 1987. From agrammatism to paragrammatism: German aphasiological traditions andgrammatical disturbances. Cognitive Neuropsychology 4. 187–256.Heeschen. C. 1985. Agrammatism vs paragrammatism: a fictitious opposition? In M.L.Kean (ed.),Agrammatism. Orlando, FL. 207–48.Kolk, H. and C.Heeschen. 1992. Agrammatism, paragrammatism and the management of language.Language and Cognitive Processes 7. 89–129.paralalia [Grk lalía ‘talk’]A specific form of dyslalia in which one sound is consistently substituted for another, inparticular a sound that is acquired later replaced by a sound acquired earlier (e.g. /s/ isused for /d/ or /f/). This term is not used in North America.