Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 217Chomsky, N. 1970. Remarks on nominalization. In R.A.Jacobs and P.S.Rosenbaum (eds), Readingsin English transformational grammar. Waltham, MA. 170–221.Haider, H. 1986. V-second in German. In H.Haider and M.Prinzhorn (eds), Verb secondphenomena in Germanic languages. Dordrecht. 49–76.Reinhart, T. 1979. A second COMP position. In A. Belletti, L.Brandi, and L.Rizzi (eds), The theoryof markedness in generative grammar. Pisa. 517–57.Rosenbaum, P.S. 1967. The grammar of English predicate complement constructions. Cambridge,MA.complementation, transformational grammarcompletedurative vs non-durativecomplex sentence1 More narrowly defined, a sentence that is composed of a main clause and one or moredependent clauses introduced by a subordinating conjunction (because, since, although).2 More broadly defined, a sentence that contains two or more clauses joined either bysubordination, as in sense 1 above, or by co-ordination, that is, by a co-ordinatingconjunction (and, or). ( also compound sentence)3 In transformational grammar, a sentence that consists of a matrix sentence aswell as one or more embedded constituent clauses. ( also embedding)complex symbol1 In general, a group of features which completely describes a linguistic unit. Forexample in phonology, all distinctive features which fully describe a phoneme form acomplex symbol, thus [+stop, +bilabial, +voiced] is the description for /b/.2 In transformational grammar, the context-free and context-sensitive featuresassociated with a category symbol by the phrase structure rules and subcategorizationrules. These specify the corresponding category syntactically as well as semantically: forexample, the noun people is categorized as [+plural] syntactically and [+living,+human,…] semantically.3 In X-bar theory, a characterization of category symbols as a group of primaryfeatures, e.g. N=[-verbal, +nominal], V=[+verbal, -nominal], A=[+verbal, +nominal], P=[-verbal, -nominal]. The analysis of categories as complex symbols allows reference tonatural classes for syntactic processes. As in phonology, the notation N, V, P, A, etc. as