Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 231Conjugational patterns differ from language to language. The formal distinction betweenregular and irregular verbs is a fundamental one in the English conjugational system. (also inflection, strong vs weak verb)morphologyReferencesconjunct [Lat. coniungere ‘to join’]Partial sentence in a sentence with coordinating conjunction.conjunctionClass of words whose function is to connect words, phrases, or sentences syntactically,while characterizing semantic relations between those elements. With regard to theirsyntactic function a distinction is drawn between co-ordinating and subordinatingconjunctions: because co-ordinating conjunctions connect elements that are equallyordered with each other, they generally cannot be used sentence-initially (e.g. *For Philipwas sick, he didn’t go to work); on the other hand, subordinating conjunctions introducedependent clauses and can occur sentence initially (e.g. Because Philip was sick, he didn‘t go to work). The following semantic relations can be expressed with co-ordinatingconjunctions: (a) copulative: and, as well as, neither…nor, namely, (b) disjunctive: or,either…or; (c) adversative: but, however, on the contrary; (d) causal: for. Subordinatingconjunctions introduce adverbial clauses and characterize causal (since, because), modal(by) and temporal (when, before) relations.Referencesco-ordination2 co-ordination3 In formal logic, connection of two elementary propositions p and q by the logicalparticle ( logical connective) and, the resulting proposition of which is true only ifboth parts of the proposition (=conjuncts) p and q are true. The compound propositionTokyo is the capital of Japan, and Tokyo is a European city has a false truth valuebecause the second half of the proposition is false. The following (two-value) truth tablerepresents a definition of conjunction: