Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 1229contribution to determining truth values can only be analyzed depending on the givenspeech situation; (c) reference to different ‘possible words’ as they are created throughverbs of believing or knowing ( intension, vagueness). The explication of truthconditions of sentences is seen in more recent grammatical theories (such as categorialgrammar, Montague grammar) as the basic principle of an adequate description oflanguage. Thus, the synonymy between two propositions can be defined as similarity orconcordance of their truth conditions or of the situations in which these sentences aretrue. See Dummet (1975) for a criticism of the formulatio n of truth conditions as part oflinguistic description.ReferencesDummett, M.A.E. 1975. What is a theory of meaning? In S.Guttenplan(ed.),Mind and language.Oxford. 97–138.——1976. What is a theory of meaning (II)? In G. Evans and J.Mcdowell (eds), Truth andmeaning. Oxford. 67–137.formal logic, possible world, truth valuetruth-functionalProperty of logical connectives, whose in variant meaning guarantees that the wholemeaning of complex sentences can be represented as a function of the truth values of thecomponent clauses. (=also extension, propositional logic)truth tableMethod developed independently by Post (1921) and Wittgenstein (1922) of defininglogical connectives on the basis of truth values. Since the truth value of complexpropositions connected by constants (such as and, or) is dependent on the truth values ofthe component propositions and on the meaning of their constants, these relations can berepresented in a matrix. In the first vertical column the different possible combinationsfor the individual component propositions are entered: t=‘true,’ f=‘false’; the number ofthe horizontal lines is 2 n , whereby n is the number of actual component propositions(=atomic sentences) in the propositional connection: two component propositions yieldfour, five component propositions yield thirty-two lines. The far-right line indicates thetruth value applied to the distribution of the truth values by the constants (cf. theexamples shown in conjunction, disjunction, implication, and others). The following