Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 14graphemics, writingReferencesactantdependency grammarACTFL proficiency guidelinesproficiencyaction-denoting verbverb of actionactive1 active voice2 as an aspect category stative vs dynamicactive articulatorarticulatoractive languageLanguage type according to relational typology which contrasts with nominativelanguages and ergative languages. Assuming that in simple sentences the categoriestransitive and intransitive ( transitivity) and the semantic roles agent and patient arethe most important, this language type can be described as follows: the agent of anintransitive verb is expressed in the same way as the agent of a transitive verb, anddifferently from the patient of an intransitive or transitive verb. The patient is alsoexpressed in the same way in both intransitive and transitive clauses. This yields a split in