Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 315Kremnitz, G. 1987. Diglossie/Polyglossie. In U. Ammon et al. (eds), Sociolinguistics: aninternational handbook on the science of language and society. Berlin. 208–18.Labov, W. 1966. The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington, DC.Weinreich, U. 1953. Languages in contact: findings and problems. New York.Willemyns, R. and H.Bister. 1989. The language continuum as a pluridimensional concept. In U.Ammon (ed.), Status and function of languages and language varieties. Berlin and New York.541–51.BibliographyFernandez, M. 1993. Diglossia: a comprehensive bibliography, 1960–1990 and supplements.Amsterdam and Philadelphia.digraphy [Grk gráphein ‘to write’]The representation of a single phoneme with two graphic signs, e.g. Eng. ‹sh› for [∫]. (also graphemics)diminutive [Lat. deminuere ‘to lessen’] (alsoattenuative)1 Nouns derived by means of certain suffixes like -et(te) (cigarette), -let (booklet), and -ie/-y (Billie, kitty) or a prefix like mini- (mini-vac) that as a rule modify (modification) the meaning of the stem to ‘little,’ but which can also signal an emotionalattitude of the speaker (What a cute kitty!, which can be said of a cat of any size). Thelatter are often called hypocoristics. The opposite derivations are augmentatives, whichare not present in all languages. ( also sound symbolism)Referencesword formation2 A type of verbal aspect which is a subgroup of duratives ( durative vs nondurative).In German, the suffix -In is used with verbs to indicate a lower intensity of theaction: hüsteln ‘cough a little’ from husten ‘to cough,’ spötteln ‘to scorn somewhat’ fromspotten ‘to scorn.’