Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 26and suffixation (=attachment of the affix after the stem: happy vs happiness). Infixation( infix) is found in some languages (e.g. Latin and Greek), though not in English.word formationReferencesaffixoidaffixaffricate [Lat. affricare ‘to rub’]Oral consonant ( consonant, oral) in which the initial stop closure is followed by asmall release, so that frication occurs. If the frication occurs at the same place ofarticulation as the stop, it is said to be homorganic, e.g. [ , , , bβ]. Otherwiseit is heterorganic, as , . While English affricates use only the pulmonic airstreammechanism, Georgian has ejective affricates, and Xhosa ( Bantu) has a click affricate[!Xũ]. According to theoretical criteria, an affricate can be analyzed as either a single (or‘unit’) phoneme or a combination of two phonemes. ( also articulatory phonetics)phoneticsReferencesaffricationSound change by which affricates are created from original stops, as for example OE[k]> Mod. Eng. in church or [p, t, k,]> , , in the Old High Germanconsonant shift. In this process, an intermediate stage with strongly aspirated stops isconceivable.