Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 796structures. The more members of an individual network are involved in relations outsidethe larger network, the more ‘tightly woven’ the networks become. Furthermore,networks become all the more ‘multiplex’ as more and more diverse relations are basedwithin the individual networks (e.g. when co-workers, who also happen to be friends.meet regularly for outside activities or live in the same neighborhood).In such networks social cohesion develops and culture- and group-specific systems ofvalues, shared knowledge, shared attitudes, as well as patterns of behavior areestablished, which in turn manifest themselves linguistically. This concept is therefore ofcentral importance for empirical studies of linguistic behavior and for studies of theprocesses of linguistic change: precisely those interactional relations that are responsiblefor (groupspecific) conformity in behavior (though which do not necessarily correlatewith a particular special class or ethnic group) are used as a starting point to determinegroup divisions. ( also sociolinguistics)ReferencesBoissevain, J. 1974. Friends of friends: networks, manipulators, and coalitions. London.——1987. Social network. In U.Ammon et al. (eds), Soziolinguistik/Sociolinguistics: aninternational handbook of the science of language and society. Berlin. 164–9.Milroy, L. 1980. Language and social networks. Oxford.Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. 1940. On social structure. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute.70. 1–12.neurolinguisticsInterdisciplinary field concerned with the study of language processing andrepresentation of language in the brain. Closely allied with psycholinguistics, cognitivelinguistics, and a subdiscipline of neuropsychology, neurolinguistics studiesdisturbances in language comprehension and/or production associated with known centralnervous system pathologies ( articulation disorder, developmental languagedisorder, language disorder, aphasia) or designs experiments, such as those involvingdichotic listening, to test various processing models. Electrophysiological data, imaging,and ‘on-line’ measurement of memory phenomena are increasingly useful to research inthis field.ReferencesArbib, M., D.Caplan, and J.Marshall (eds) 1982. Neural models of language processes. New York.Bouton, C.P. 1991. Neurolinguistics: historical and theoretical perspectives. New York.Caplan, D. 1987. Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology. Cambridge.