Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 449ReferencesCarlson, L. 1983. Dialogue games: an approach to discourse analysis. Dordrecht.Hintikka, J. 1973. Logic, language games, and information. Oxford.Hintikka, J. and J.Kulas. 1983. The game of language: studies in game-theoretical semantics andits applications. Dordrecht.Lorenzen, P. 1967. Formale Logik. Berlin.——1969. Normative logic and ethics. Mannheim.Saarinen, E. (ed.) 1979. Game-theoretical semantics: essays on semantics by Hintikka, Carlson,Peacocke, Rantala and Saarinen. Dordrecht.Stenius, E. 1967. Mood and language game. Synthese 17.254–74.Wittgenstein, L. 1953. Philosophical investigations. Oxford.gappingA term coined by Ross (1970) to describe a transformation which creates gaps in asentence after a conjunction by deleting a verb which would otherwise reappear, e.g.Caroline plays the flute and Louise (plays) the piano. Gapping can work forwards, asabove, or backwards as in the deletion of the first mention of the word. According toRoss the direction of gapping depends on the constituent branching in the deepstructure, and provides insight into the underlying word order of a language, whetherS(ubject)-V(erb)-O(bject) or SOV. ( also co-ordination, ellipsis)ReferencesHudson, R.A. 1976. Conjunction reduction, gapping, and right-node raising. Lg 52. 535–62.Maling, J.M. 1972. On gapping and the order of constituents. LingI 3. 101–8.Nijt, A. 1979. Gapping. Dordrecht.Ross, J.R. 1970. Gapping and the order of constituents. In M.Bierwisch and K.E.Heidolph (eds),Progress in linguistics. The Hague. 249–59.Stockwell, R.P., P.Schachter, and B.Hall Partee. 1973. The major syntactic structures of English.New York.co-ordination, ellipsis, transformational grammar