Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 352egocentric particulardeictic expressionegressive [Lat. egressus ‘the action of goingout’]1 Outward direction of the airstream mechanism ( ingressive). As a rule, onlypulmonic and glottalic sounds are egressive.Referencesarticulatory phonetics, phonetics2 (also finitive, effective, resultative) Verbal aspect which falls under the category ofdurative vs non-durative verbs. It refers variously to either resultatives or to punctuals.EgyptianLanguage branch of Afro-Asiatic, consisting of one language which is attested in variousstages: Ancient Egyptian (Old Egyptian, 3000–2200 BC), Middle Egyp tian andNeoEgyptian (1300–660 BC), as well as Demotic up to AD 300 and Coptic up until thenineteenth century, still used today as a liturgical language in the Coptic church. Writingsystems: hieroglyphics for Old Egyptian, out of which a cursive writing systemdeveloped (Hieratic, Demotic); Coptic was written with a modified Greek alphabet. Forthe older linguistic stages only the consonant values are known.Characteristics: Generally similar to the Semitic type (root inflection, gender);independent form for non-stative sentences (suffixal conjugation with genitive subjects);evidence for ergative sentence constructions in older language stages (the ergative wasencoded as the genitive).ReferencesKees, H. (ed.) 1959. Ägyptologie. (Handbuch der Orientalistik, I, vol. 1, 1.) (Repr. 1973.) Leiden.