Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 1130conceived as combinations or expansions of elementary units (phonemes, morphemes,words, syntagms, sentences).ReferencesHarris, Z.S. 1962. String analysis of sentence structure. The Hague.Longacre, R.E. 1960. String constituent analysis. Lg 36.63–88.strong vs weak verbFormal classification of verbs in Germanic languages according to their pattern ofconjugation. This distinction, first suggested J.Grimm, refers to the ability of strong verbsto form the preterite (past tense) stem ‘on its own’ by changing the root vowel (ablaut, e.g. Eng. see/saw, rise/rose), as well as the need for weak verbs to employ anadditional formal element (a dental suffix realized as -ed, -d, -t: worked, heard, burnt),irregular verb. The strong verbs stem from older processes in Indo-European, whilethe weak verbs are a Germanic innovation.ReferencesBarbour, J.S. 1982. Productive and non-productive morphology: the case of the German strongverbs. JL 18.331–54.Barnes, M. and H.Esau. 1973. Germanic strong verbs: a case of morphological rule extension?Lingua 31.1–34.Bech, G. 1963. Die Entstehung des schwachen Präteritums. Copenhagen.Kern, P.C. and H.Zutt. 1977. Geschichte des deutschen Flexionssystems. Tübingen.Lehmann, W.P. 1943. The Germanic weak preterite endings. Language 19.313–19.Meid, W. 1971. Das germanische Präteritum. Innsbruck.Seebold, E. 1970. Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starkenVerben. The Hague.Tops, G.A. 1974. The origin of the Germanic dental preterite: a critical research history since1912. Leiden.Veith, W.H. 1984. The strong verb conjugation in modern English compared with modern German.LB 73.39–57.