Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 222ReferencesAllen, M. 1978. Morphological investigations. Dis-sertation, University of Connecticut.Bauer, L. 1983. English word formation. London.Brekle, H.E. 1978. Reflections on the conditions for the coining, use and understanding of nominalcompounds. In W.Dressler and W.Meid (eds), Proceedings of the twelfth InternationalCongress of Linguistics. Innsbruck. 68–77.Di Sciullo, A.M. and E.Williams. 1987. On the definition of words. Cambridge, MA.Downing, P. 1977. On the creation and use of English compound nouns. Lg 53. 810–42.Fabb, N. 1984. Syntactic affixation. Dissertation, MIT.Grimm, J. 1826. Deutsche Grammatik, vol. 2. Göttingen.Meyer, R. 1993. Compound comprehension in isolation and in context. Tübingen.Roeper, T. and M.Siegel. 1978. A lexical transformation for verbal compounds. LingI 9. 199–260.Selkirk, E. 1982. The syntax of words. Cambridge.Sproat, R. 1985. On deriving the lexicon. Dissertation, MIT.word formationcompositionality of meaningcompositionalityprinciple ofcompoundResult of the process of word formation of composition, a linguistic expression thatconsists of at least two free morphemes or morpheme constructions: bath+room,refrigeration (+) mechanic. The normal pattern of intonation in English is primary stressfollowed by secondary stress (as opposed to main stress and zero stress in multielemental‘simple’ compounds: youngster. In determinative compounds with asubordinate relation between the constituents (determining word, base word), the ordercannot be changed without changing the meaning (dance step vs step dance). Inprinciple, the relation of co-ordination between constituents of a copulative compositionallows free word order (owner-operator, operator-owner), though some forms quicklybecome lexicalized ( lexicalization) in one order or another: child prodigy vs*prodigy child or chief editor vs *editor chief, in which the first elements have becomevirtually adjectival. Compounding is syntactically and semantically differentiated fromsimple word groupings: often, though not necessarily, written as a single word, generallywith the primary stress on the first constituent, e.g. bookworm; set order, e.g. childpsychology vs the psychology of children; inflection only on the base word, e.g. textbook(pl. textbooks), openness of the semantic relation between the individual elements, e.g.paper trail (‘trail on which paper moves,’ ‘trail of paper’) and the lexicalized idiom, e.g.paper trail (‘documental evidence’). The junction between the two immediateconstituents may be characterized by a special linking morpheme. To the extent that its