Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 18adhortative [Lat. adhortativus ‘encouraging,urging on’]Subcategory of verbal mood, especially of the subjunctive. The adhortative designates afirst person plural imperative of joint action. In most Indo-European languages, theadhortative does not have a special paradigm, but is expressed by the first person pluralsubjunctive, cf. Let’s go; Fr. Soyons amis ‘Let’s be friends.’ReferencesCole, P. 1975. The synchronic and diachronic status of conversational implicature. In P.Cole andJ.L. Morgan (eds), Syntax and semantics, vol. 3: Speech acts, New York. 257–88.modalityadjacency pair [Lat. adiacens ‘lying beside,neighboring’]Coined by Sacks and Schegloff, the term refers to a particular instantiation of the turn-byturnorganization of conversations ( sequential organization, turn). It is theaffiliation of two utterance types into a pair type, where, upon production of the first pairpart by the current speaker, the production of the second pair part by the addressee isrelevant or expectable ( conditional relevance). Such adjacency pairs are, forexample, greeting—greeting or question—answer. First pair parts have identifiable,conventional properties, such as syntactic devices and sequential positioning (cf.Schegloff 1984). The second pair part can be identified primarily by its position, which isimplied sequentially by the occurrence of the first pair part, that is, the second pair part isunderstood in regard to how it relates to the first pair part. Deviations offer evidence forthis ‘normative requirement’ (Heritage 1984:262f.). If a second pair part fails to occur, itsabsence will be noticed: (a) the first pair part will be repeated until the second isprovided; or (b) the absence of the second will be accounted for (e.g. ‘I don’t know’)preserving the normative framework of the adjacency-pair format; or (c) the delay of thesecond will be accounted for, for example, where another adjacency pair is inserted tosupply the necessary information for the production of the second pair part:Q1 S: What color do you think you want?Q2 C: Do they just come in one solid color?A2 S: No. They’re black, blue, red, orange, light blue, dark blue, gray, green, tan [pause], black.A1 C: Well, gimme a dark blue one, I guess.