Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

A-Z 67the patient is marked by an oblique case or an adposition, and the agent is in theabsolutive. Additionally, the predicate takes a special antipassive form. The non-basicstatus of the antipassive is evident from this additional marking of the predicate, differentrestrictions of use, and a low text frequency.ReferencesGivón, T. (ed.) 1994. Voice and inversion. Amsterdam.Heath, J. 1976. Antipassivization: a functional typology. BLS 2.202–11.Shibatani, M. (ed.) 1988. Passive and voice. Amsterdam.Van Valin, R.D. 1980. On the distribution of passive and antipassive constructions in universalgrammar. Lingua 50.303–27.ergative languageReferencesantithesis [Grk ‘opposition’]Also known as ‘contrapositio’ and ‘oppositio,’ antithesis conjoins contrasting ideas, e.g.steal from the rich and give to the poor. Antithesis is a favored rhetorical device ofpersuasive speech in politics and advertising.Referencesadvertising language, chiasm, oxymoron, parallelismantonomasia [Grk antonomázein ‘to nameinstead’]The replacement of a proper noun by a reworded appellative ( common noun) or aperiphrasis: the Almighty (=God), The eternal city (=Rome). This also works the otherway around for the appellative use of a proper noun, e.g. an Odyssey, or the Paris of theWest (=San Francisco). Antonomasia led to a change in name in the case of the Frenchword renard, which became the popular name for a fox, Reynard.