Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 880work’). In English virtually all tenses are formed periphrastically, the only synthetic(=non-periphrastic) tenses being the present and the simple past (I am, I was vs I havebeen, I will be).perispomenon [Grk perispōménos, participleof ‘pronounce with a circumflexaccent’]In Greek, a word with circumflex accent, presumably reflecting a rise-fall intonation onthe last syllable, e.g. ‘I love.’ ( also properispomenon)perlocution [Lat. per- ‘through,’ loqui ‘totalk, speak’]In speech act theory, an aspect of speech acts that includes the causal effects(intentionally) brought about by a speaker by way of his/her utterance. Perlocut ionaryacts consist in achieving effects in the hearer through the performance of an illocutionaryact, for example, in cheering someone up by asserting that he/she did an excellent job.Just what perlocutionary effects are achieved, in the uttering of a particular illocution incontext, may vary widely in differing circumstances.speech act theoryReferences