Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 1276ReferenceRosner, B.S. and J.B. Pickering. The perception of vowels. Oxford.vowel blockSchematic representation of the vowels according to the three dimensions (a) high(closed) vs low (open), (b) front vs back, (c) rounded (non-spread) vs unrounded(spread). In the graphic representation of the IPA chart, these three dimensions are shrunkto a pseudo-two-dimensional trapezium ( vowel chart).phoneticsReferencesvowel chartSchematized representation of the vowels in a geometric form. The classification rests onthe physiological and articulatory actions of the tongue and lips in the production of thevowels. From the vowel chart originally developed by C.F.Hellwag (1754–1835), inwhich [i], [u], and [a] formed the corners of the geometric figure, the vowel ‘square’ (ortrapezoid) was developed as the a-sound was differentiated into a front æ and a back a.The vowel chart has a three-dimensional basis: (a) vertical tongue or jaw height (high,middle, deep); (b) horizontal tongue placement (front, neutral/central, back); and (c)shape of lips (rounded, unrounded) ( vowel block). The vowel chart is recommendedby the International Phonetic Association (IPA) for use as a classificatory schema for allvowel systems. ( also phonetic transcription)ReferencesHellwag, C.F. 1781. Dissertatio de formatione loquelae. Tübingen. (Repr. Heilbronn, 1886.)Jones, D. 1950. The phoneme, its nature and use. Cambridge.phonetics