Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.pdf

Dictionary of language and linguistics 11103 Not so much the ‘objective’ use of particular linguistic elements, but rather for the‘feeling’ of belonging to a group or being in agreement with specific norms is central tothis further definition. These norms ‘may be observed in overt types of evaluativebehavior, and by the uniformity of abstract patterns of variation’ (Labov 1972:121).4 The term is most radically construed and at the same time finally resolved in theconsistently integrative view of linguistic, social, social-psychological and individualpsychologicalfactors; according to Bolinger (1975:333), ‘there is no limit to the ways inwhich human beings league themselves together for self-identification, security, gain,amusement, worship, or any of the other purposes that are held in common; consequentlythere is no limit to the number and variety of speech communities that are to be found insociety.’ ( also network)ReferencesBloomfield, L. 1933. Language. New York.Bolinger, D. 1975. Aspects of language, 2nd edn. New York.Gumperz, J.J. 1962. Types of linguistic communities. AnL 4.28–40.Labov, W. 1972. Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia, PA.Le Page, R.B. 1968. Problems of description in multilingual communities. TPS 189–212.variational linguisticsspeech comprehension languagecomprehensionspeech error (also Freudian slip, slip of thetongue)Disruption in the production of speech through a conscious or unconscious linguisticdeviation from the apparently intended form of an utterance. Linguistic speech erroranalysis is based on the hypothesis that the phenomena of deviation observable indifferent components are limited by the structure of the language and can be describedand explained on the basis of grammatical units and regularities and that speech errorscause one to posit inferences to basic mental abilities and representations. The followingtypes of speech errors are distinguished according to their level of linguistic description.(a) Phonological substitutions rest primarily on identical beginning or ending segments,similarity of syllable, or accent structure: e.g. heft lemisphere instead of left hemisphere;a morphophonological example is It’s not tell ussing anything new instead of It ‘s nottelling us anything new. (b) Substitutions based on semantic relationships are based